FB-4781 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4781 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Geophagus Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch, 1791) Acará Acará tinga Acará-bicudo Acará-pitanga Cará Cará de praia Cará roe roe Cará tabaco doido Juquiá Surinam-Perlfisch Surninam-Erdfresser Mother-of-pearl eartheater Opalescent eartheater Redstriped eartheater Punaevätonkija Perle du Suriname Surinamesisk Jordätare Hawa lipa Pakotala Prapra roch Prapra roche Prapra so Prapra soléy San fichi Songe Tampokopo Wakay 苏里南珠母丽鱼 蘇里南珠母麗魚 Sparus surinamensis Bloch, 1791 Sparus trimaculatus Shaw, 1809 1991-11-28 2001-11-26 Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Kornfield, I.0 Descriptive genetics of cichlid fishes. p. 591-616. In B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. (Ref. 3878) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Page, L.M. and B.M. 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Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Kullander, S.O. and H. Nijssen0 The cichlids of Surinam: Teleostei, Labroidei. E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 256 p. (Ref. 26372) Stawikowski, R.0 Fortpflanzung südamerikanischer Erdfresser (Gattung <i>Geophagus</i>). p. 213-224. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. (Ref. 26504) Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail0 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188) Boujard, T.0 Space-time organization of riverine fish communities in French Guiana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 34(3):235-246. (Ref. 27233) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. 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Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(I): 286p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35237) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Kullander, S.O.0 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Tang, B.Y.0 Fishes introduced to Singapore. Pers. com. Excel file attached to email dated 21/08/04. (Ref. 52035) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) BFAR0 List of ornamental fish species introduced to the Philippines through NAIA. Unpublished. (Ref. 57864) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Alonso, L.E. and H.J. Berrenstein0 A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Coppename River Basin, Suriname. RAP Bull. Of Biol. Assessment 39:114-117. (Ref. 59052) Barbosa, J.M. and K.S. Ferraz0 Sistematização de nomes vulgares de peixes comerciais do Brasil: 1. Espécies dulciaqüícolas. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Pesca 3(3): 65-76. (Ref. 86294) Isaac, V.J., A.R. Araújo and J.V. Santana0 A pesca no estado do Amapá: alternativas para seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Vol. 1. Série Estudos do Amapá. Macapá, Amapá. 132 p. (Ref. 86303) Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63. (Ref. 86306) dos Santos, G.B., J. Aguiar-Santos, A.C.L. de Castro and N.M. Piorski0 Length-weight relationships of seven fish species from Amazonian Equatorial coast, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 35:1169-1171. (Ref. 126016) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-28 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4781 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Though not so abundant, often caught in the quiet zones of cascades with G. harreri (Ref. 35237). Adults live in mud and sand-bottomed canals. Maximum length 30 cm TL (Ref. 5723). Omnivorous, with a tendency towards herbivory, searches for food by digging into the substrate with its protractile mouth. Can emit sounds through its pharyngeal teeth though it is not known whether it is a form of communication or not. Spawning takes place on a flat stone or in a hole dug in the sand. Parents generally take the eggs into their mouths until hatching occurs three days later. At night or when faced with danger, the alevins seeks shelter in the mother's mouth. Parents take care of their siblings for several weeks (Ref. 35237). Kullander, S.O. and H. Nijssen 1989 The cichlids of Surinam: Teleostei, Labroidei. E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 256 p. (Ref. 26372) FB-Distribution-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-28 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4781 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases South America: Saramacca and Suriname Rivers in Suriname; Marowijne River in Suriname and French Guiana. Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Uses-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-28 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4781 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) FB-LifeCycle-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-11-28 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4781&StockCode=5005 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Parents form pairs. Larvophile mouthbrooder. Stawikowski, R. 1995 Fortpflanzung südamerikanischer Erdfresser (Gattung <i>Geophagus</i>). p. 213-224. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. (Ref. 26504) FB-Size-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-28 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4781 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases 17.2 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 137577)) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and … 2022 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-28 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4781 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19 Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)