FB-4738 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Acanthuridae Acanthurus Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes, 1835 Masch Bagis Langis Mungit Blålinjet kirurgfisk Bluelined surgeonfish Greyhead surgeonfish Grey-head surgeonfish dridri Maiko Guagnas Hugupau Meito Ponepone Maito Labahita Hagupau attilong Igu pura Kadlitan Labahita Liga-sche-sche Ma Mongit Surahan 暗刺尾魚 暗刺尾鱼 Acanthurus atramentatus (Jordan & Evermann, 1905) Acanthurus bipunctatus Günther, 1861 Acanthurus elongatus (non Lacepède, 1802) Acanthurus nigros Günther, 1861 Hepatus atramentatus Jordan & Evermann, 1905 Hepatus elongatus (non Lacepède, 1802) Hepatus leucopareius (non Jenkins, 1903) Teuthis atrimentatus Jordan & Evermann, 1903 Teuthis striatus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) 1991-11-26 2011-11-03 Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg0 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275) Schultz, L.P.0 Fishes of the Phoenix and Samoan Islands collected in 1939 during the expedition of the U.S.S. 'Bushnell'. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 180:1-316. (Ref. 418) Jordan, D.S. and B.W. Evermann0 Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. 22:161-208. (Ref. 538) Bleeker, P.0 Énumération des espèces de poissons actuellement connues de l'île de Céram. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 2:182-193. (Ref. 587) Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592) Fowler, H.W.0 The fishes of Oceania. Mem. B.P. Bishop Mus. (10):1-540. (Ref. 712) Bryan, W.A. and A.W.C.T. Herre0 A monograph of Marcus Island. Appendix. Annotated list of the Marcus Island fishes. Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 2(1):125-139. (Ref. 1536) Fowler, H.W. and B.A. Bean0 Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent waters. The fishes of the series Capriformes, Ephippiformes, and Squamipennes, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer 'Albatross', chiefly in Philippine Seas and. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 8(100):i-xi + 1-352. (Ref. 1565) Günther, A.C.L.G.0 Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gobiidae ... Notacanthi. Volume 3. Taylor and Francis, London. 586 p. (Ref. 1574) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Cuvier, M.B. and M.A. Valenciennes0 Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome 10. Chez F.G. Levrault, Paris, xxiv + 482 p. (Ref. 1643) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Randall, J.E.0 A revision of the surgeonfish genus <i>Acanthurus</i>. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref. 1920) Jordan, D.S. and B.W. Evermann0 The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Part I. The shore fishes. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 23(1):574 p. (Ref. 1943) Jordan, D.S. and E.K. Jordan0 A list of the fishes of Hawaii, with notes and descriptions of new species. Mem. Carnegie Mus. 10(1):92. (Ref. 1946) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Dalzell, P., S.R. Lindsay and H. Patiale0 Fisheries resources survey of the Island of Niue. Tech. Doc. Inshore Fish. Res. Proj. S. Pac. Comm 3. A report prepared in conjunction with the South Pacific Commission Inshore Fisheries Research Project, and the FAO South Pacific Aquaculture Development Project for the Government of Niue, July 1990. (Ref. 3804) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Miyasaka, A.0 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) Sudekum, A.E., J.D. Parrish, R.L. Radtke and S. Ralston0 Life history and ecology of large jacks in undisturbed, shallow, oceanic communities. Fish. Bull. 89:493-513. (Ref. 6057) Aldan, D.T.0 Checklist of fishes in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. In prep. (Ref. 6273) Allen, G.R. and W.F. Smith-Vaniz0 Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 412:21 p. (Ref. 9399) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Randall, J.E.0 Acanthuridae. Surgeonfishes (tangs, unicornfishes). p. 3653-3683. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9808) Helfman, G.S. and J.E. Randall0 Palauan fish names. Pac. Sci. 27(2):136-153. (Ref. 10494) Goo, F.C.C. and A.H. Banner0 A preliminary compilation of animal and plant names of the Mariana Islands. Hawaii Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 30 p. (Ref. 13763) Randall, J.E.0 Tahitian fish names and a preliminary checklist of the fishes of the Society Islands. Occas. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 24(11):167-214. (Ref. 13767) Foale, S.0 What's in a name? An analysis of the West Nggela (Solomon Islands) fish taxonomy. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin No. 9:3-19. (Ref. 26367) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Ganaden, S.R. and F. Lavapie-Gonzales0 Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines. 385 p. (Ref. 31411) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) McCormack, G.0 Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. Sent by Gerald McCormack as RTF document in May 2000 for use in FishBase. (Ref. 34027) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Randall, J.E.0 Surgeonfishes of Hawai'i and the world.. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Hawai'i. 123 p. (Ref. 37792) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Randall, J.E.0 Report on fish collections from the Pitcairn Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. (461):1-36. (Ref. 41650) Harborne, A.R., A.B. Gill, P.S. Raines and J.M. Ridley0 Danjugan Island marine reserve. Summary report to the Philippine reef and Rainforest Conservation Foundation. (Ref. 42831) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Dantis, A.L. and P.M. Aliño (comps.)0 Checklist of Philippine reef fishes. p. 208-226. In Aliño, P.M.,E.F.B.Miclat,C.L.Nañola Jr.,H.A.Roa-Quiaoit and R.T.Campos(eds.) Atlas of Philippine coral reefs.Philippine Coral Reef Information (Philreefs). Goodwill Trading Co.,Inc.(Goodwill Bookstore),Quezon City,Philippines. xvi + 264p. (Ref. 45419) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Werner, T.B. and G.R. Allen0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington, D.C.:Conservation International. (Ref. 48613) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann0 Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 502. (Ref. 53797) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Thaman, R.R., T. Fong and A. Balawa0 Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. (Ref. 79890) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Irving, R.A., J.J. Jamieson and J.E. Randall0 Initial checklist of fishes from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56:329-338. (Ref. 87915) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre0 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) Donaldson, T.J.0 Fishes of the remote Southwest Palau Islands: a zoogeographic perspective. Pac. Sci. 50(3):285-308. (Ref. 99878) Kerr, V.C.0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of the northwest lagoon, between Koumac and Yandé, Province Nord, New Caledonia. BioOne Research Evolved:160-178. (Ref. 101627) Alcala, A.C., J.A. Ingles and A.A. Bucol0 Review of the biodiversity of southern Philippines seas. Philipp. Scient. 45:1-61. (Ref. 106380) Cabansag, J.B. and L.A. Meñez0 Assessment and monitoring of coral and reef fish communities aroung Nasugbu and Calatagan, Batangas. (Final Draft). Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape Program. Conservation International Philippines, 45 p. (Ref. 107853) Raymundo, L., R. Diaz, A Miller and T. Reynolds0 Baseline surveys of proposed and established marine sanctuaries on Bantayan Island, northern Cebu. Technical Report No. 11. University of Guam. 64 p. (Ref. 114734) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala0 The real bounty: marine biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100142. (Ref. 121505) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4738-9690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-05 2013-01-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acnig_uc.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acnig_uc.jpg FB-pic-4738-9691 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-05 2000-11-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acnig_ud.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acnig_ud.jpg FB-pic-4738-27440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2000-08-29 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acnig_uk.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acnig_uk.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-11-26 00:00:00 2011-11-03 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabits clear lagoon and seaward reefs; often in areas with mixed coral, pavement, rubble and sand substrates (Ref. 1602). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Occurs singly or in small groups (Ref. 9710). Feeds on filamentous algae, diatoms and fine algal film of compacted sand (Ref. 1602). Relatively uncommon throughout Micronesia; rare on Great Barrier Reef. Randall, J.E. 1956 A revision of the surgeonfish genus <i>Acanthurus</i>. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref. 1920) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-01 00:00:00 2004-08-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Color drab dark brown; spots on body located at the rear base of dorsal and anal fins. Black spot at rear base of dorsal fin not large, its greatest width more than 2 times in eye diameter. White posterior margin of caudal fin very narrow, its width less than 4 times in pupil diameter. No definite black margin around groove of peduncular spine. Body depth 1.8 to 2 times in SL. Maximum standard length about 20 cm (Ref 9808). Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Morphology-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-06-01 00:00:00 2004-08-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24 - 27; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 23 - 25 Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Distribution-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-11-26 00:00:00 2022-04-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-Pacific: Aldabra and Seychelles to the Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamoto Islands; throughout Micronesia. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Uses-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-11-26 00:00:00 2011-11-03 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) FB-TrophicStrategy-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-02-17 00:00:00 2007-09-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public nigroris http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Also grazes on short filaments growing both on reef rock and on sandy bottoms (Ref. 275). Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg 1960 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275) FB-Size-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-11-26 00:00:00 2011-11-03 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2334)) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-11-26 00:00:00 2011-11-03 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 90 m (Ref. 1602) Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)