FB-4717 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Pterophyllum Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze, 1823) Skalar Acará bandeira Buxuari Cara bandeira Charéu Escalare Piraque Almindelig skalare Skalare Dumerils Segelflosser Perlscalar Segelflosser Skalar Spitzkopfsegelflosser Angelfish Black angelfish Freshwater angelfish Longfin angelfish Veil angelfish Harilik skalaar Skalaar-sirpuim Lehtikala Poisson ange Scalaire Enzeru-fisshu エンゼルフィッシュ Skalyariya Scalare Pez angel Scalare Katuku siba Kweyu Poson lavwèl 大神仙魚 大神仙鱼 艾氏神仙魚 艾氏神仙鱼 Platax scalaris Cuvier, 1831 Plataxoides dumerilii Castelnau, 1855 Pterophillum eimekei Ahl, 1928 Pterophyllum altum (non Pellegrin, 1903) Pterophyllum dumerilii (Castelnau, 1855) Pterophyllum eimekei Ahl, 1928 Zeus scalaris Schultze, 1823 1991-11-05 2022-02-15 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) Thurston, R.V. and P.C. Gehrke0 Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. p. 95-108. In R.C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.) Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, California, USA, September 18-19, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157. (Ref. 2120) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Post, A.0 Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Chromosomenzahlen bei Süßwasser-Teleosteern. Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.-Forsch. 3:47-93. (Ref. 2220) Umezawa, S.-I., T. Yokoyama and K. Taneda0 Group effect on oxygen consumption and some observations on the habit of the angelfish, <i>Pterophyllum scalare</i>. Zool. Sci. 3:245-253. (Ref. 2649) Kornfield, I.0 Descriptive genetics of cichlid fishes. p. 591-616. In B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. (Ref. 3878) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari0 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329) Mills, D. and G. Vevers0 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020) Porto, J.I.R., E. Feldberg, C.M. Nakayama and J.N. Falcao0 A checklist of chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Amazonian freshwater fishes. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 25(4):287-299. (Ref. 7052) Thompson, K.W.0 Cytotaxonomy of 41 species of neotropical cichlidae. Copeia 1979(4):679-691. (Ref. 8865) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) Kullander, S.O.0 Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Research Division, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 394 p. (Ref. 9088) Tello, S. and H. Sánchez0 To be filled. Unpublished. (Ref. 9235) Blake, R.W.0 The mechanics of labriform locomotion. 1. 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(Ref. 43309) Paperna, I.0 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) Yamamoto, M.E., S. Chellappa, M.S.R.F. Cacho and F.A. Huntingford0 Mate guarding in an Amazonian cichlid, <i>Pterophyllum scalare</i>. J. Fish Biol. 55(4):888-891. (Ref. 46591) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Bassleer, G.0 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Moravec, F.0 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF)0 Gutachten über Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser). Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF), Bonn, Germany. 16 p. (Ref. 51539) Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns0 Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2554:iv+89p. (Ref. 52559) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. Rome (Italy): FAO. (Ref. 74657) Uonokai, T. Nakajima and K. Ohara (eds.)0 Activities of Uonokai (Fish survey group): Fish distribution in the watershed of Lake Biwa. Shiga, Japan: Lake Biwa Museum. 233 p. (Ref. 79886) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63. (Ref. 86306) Maceda-Veiga, A., de Sostoa, A. Escribano-Alacid and E. García-Berthou0 The aquarium trade as a potential source of fish introductions in southwestern Europe. Biol Invasions 15:2707-2716. (Ref. 94564) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Abdon Silva, L.M., M.S. Brito Oliveira, A.C. Florentino and M. Tavares-Dias0 Length-weight relationship of 11 fish species from a tributary of the Amazon River system in northern Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31:816-817. (Ref. 111348) Chuctaya, J., L. Capitani, D. Faustino and E. Castro0 Length-weight relationships of 23 fish species from floodplain ecosystems of the Andean Amazon piedmont, Peru. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34:172-176. (Ref. 121647) Oliveira, M.S.B., L.M.A. Silva, L. Prestes and M. Tavares-Dias0 Length-weight relationship and condition factor for twelve fish species from the Igarape Fortaleza basin, a small tributary of the Amazonas estuary. Acta Amazonica 50:8-11. (Ref. 125882) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-05 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults inhabit swamps or flooded grounds where the aquatic and riverine vegetation are dense and the water is either clear or silty. Its color is deeper in clear water (Ref. 35237). One of the most popular of all the tropical aquarium fish. Maximum length 15 cm TL (Ref. 7020). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; keep pairs in small tanks for breeding; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539). Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Philippe Béarez 2001-11-14 00:00:00 2001-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 Body compressed and disc-shaped; dorsal and anal spiny rays increasing in length from anterior to posterior part of the fin; first branched rays also very long; body height at anal fin level 1.07 to 1.29 times in SL; body color silvery with dark vertical bars (7 in juveniles, 4 in adults) (Ref. 35237). Keith, P., P.-Y. Le Bail and P. Planquette 2000 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule I: Batrachoidiformes, Mugiliformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Synbranchiformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(I): 286p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35237) FB-Distribution-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-06 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size South America: Amazon River basin, in Peru, Colombia, and Brazil, along the Ucayali, Solimões and Amazon rivers; rivers of Amapá (Brazil), Rio Oyapock in French Guiana; Essequibo River in Guyana. Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Uses-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-05 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; aquarium: highly commercial Mills, D. and G. Vevers 1989 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020) FB-LifeCycle-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tom Froese 1991-11-05 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Males court females during the breeding season. Both male and female guard the eggs which are attached to the surface of aquatic vegetation in a nest area (Ref. 46591). During the entire brooding cycle, bonding of the original pair of parents is maintained complete with defence of each partner against aggression or potential rivals (Ref. 46591). Yamamoto, M.E., S. Chellappa, M.S.R.F. Cacho and F.A. Huntingford 1999 Mate guarding in an Amazonian cichlid, <i>Pterophyllum scalare</i>. J. Fish Biol. 55(4):888-891. (Ref. 46591) FB-Size-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-05 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 10.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 125882)); max. published weight: 25.0 g (Ref. 121647) Oliveira, M.S.B., L.M.A. Silva, L. Prestes and M. Tavares-Dias 2020 Length-weight relationship and condition factor for twelve fish species from the Igarape Fortaleza basin, a small tributary of the Amazonas estuary. Acta Amazonica 50:8-11. (Ref. 125882) Chuctaya, J., L. Capitani, D. Faustino and E. Castro 2017 Length-weight relationships of 23 fish species from floodplain ecosystems of the Andean Amazon piedmont, Peru. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34:172-176. (Ref. 121647) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4717-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-08 00:00:00 2003-09-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-1174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-01-08 00:00:00 2004-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Blockage Disease. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-1447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-02-02 00:00:00 2005-02-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Capillaria Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-4717-126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-23 00:00:00 2003-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Columnaris Disease (Ornament.). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-1162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-16 00:00:00 2004-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Congenital Deformities. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-11-17 00:00:00 2003-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Costia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-08 00:00:00 2003-11-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dactylogyrus Gill Flukes Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-1151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-06 00:00:00 2004-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Discus/Angelfish Disease. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-08 00:00:00 2003-09-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-08 00:00:00 2003-09-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Fin-rot Disease (late stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-1149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-01 00:00:00 2004-01-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Fish tuberculosis (FishMB). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-1148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-24 00:00:00 2003-11-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 Fungal Infection (general). Fungal diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-02 00:00:00 2005-06-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Hexamitosis. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Diseases-4717-1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-23 00:00:00 2003-09-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Hidden Viral Infection. Viral diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-23 00:00:00 2003-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Hole-in-the-Head Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-07 00:00:00 2003-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Ichthyobodo Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4717-188 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-26 00:00:00 2003-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Nematode Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-1538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-05-18 00:00:00 2005-05-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pasteurellosis. Bacterial diseases Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Diseases-4717-367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-21 00:00:00 2003-08-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Pop-eye disease. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-23 00:00:00 2003-08-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Pseudomonas infection. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-08 00:00:00 2003-09-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Skin Fungi (Saprolegnia sp.). Fungal diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-08-25 00:00:00 2003-08-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Turbidity of the Skin (Freshwater fish). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-4717-327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-16 00:00:00 2004-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4717&StockCode=4938 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Unspecified tumors. Neoplasia (tumors of unknown origin) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Habitat-4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-11-05 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4717 benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 13 Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)