FB-46995 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46995 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Blenniiformes Tripterygiidae Notoclinus Notoclinus fenestratus (Forster, 1801) Bigeye Pempheris adspersus Griffin, 1927 1998-03-08 2014-03-24 Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755) Paulin, C. and C. Roberts0 The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003) Russell, B.C.0 The food and feeding habits of rocky reef fish of north-eastern New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 17(2):121-145. (Ref. 26966) Taylor, R.B. and T.J. Willis0 Relationships amongst length, weight and growth of north-eastern New Zealand reef fishes. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:255-260. (Ref. 27207) Mooi, R.D.0 A new species of the genus <i>Pempheris</i> (Teleostei: Pempheridae) from Rapa Iti, French Polynesia. Pac. Sci. 52(2):154-160. (Ref. 27769) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Francis, M.P.0 Geographic distribution of marine reef fishes in the New Zealand region. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 30:35-55. (Ref. 45524) Paul, L.0 New Zealand fishes. Identification, natural history and fisheries. Reed Books, Auckland. (Ref. 72381) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Mooi, R.D.0 Review of New Zealand bullseyes (Perciformes: Pempheridae). N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res.34:87-102. (Ref. 88976) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Koeda, K., T. Yoshino, H. Imai and K. Tachinara0 A review of the genus <i>Pempheris</i> (Perciformes, Pempheridae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3793(3):301-330. (Ref. 95675) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) FB-pic-47000-20664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-13 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Peads_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Peads_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-03-08 00:00:00 2015-07-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Nocturnal, retreats to large surge pools or channels open to the sea during the day and usually under overhangs or ledges in small schools. Juveniles occur amongst weed along rocky shores in late summer. Feeds on plankton and benthic organisms (Ref. 26966). Adult diet observed consists of amphipods (45%), mysids (20%), polychaetes (20%), isopods (7%), and crab larvae and ostracods (8%) which are taken out of the water column c. 4-5 m from the bottom. Juveniles that are less than 40 mm are diurnal feeders, mostly feeding on small copepods. Some groups were observed to enter rivers by night in summer and swim well upstream into mangrove forests to feed on crab larvae, shrimps, amphipods, and other zooplankton (Ref. 88976). The smallest identified gravid female was 8.56 cm SL and the largest 12.3 cm SL. Gravid females were found among collections made in mid November into February. These observations agree with reported observations that spawning occurs from November through February and that juveniles settle in January through April (Ref. 88976). Paulin, C. and C. Roberts 1992 The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003) FB-DiagnosticDescr-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2012-02-23 00:00:00 2012-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: some interorbital scales are cycloid; usually 3 or more predorsal scales cycloid, often forming a mesial line of cycloid scales; axillary scale absent; 56-68 lateral-line scales, rarely more than 66; 18-24 scales below lateral line, rarely more than 22; 29-35 anal fin rays; ratio of preanal length to anal-fin base length 1.19-1.55; ratio of pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin to anal-fin base length 0.38-0.59; anterior light organ associated with pyloric caeca absent (Ref. 88976). Mooi, R.D. 2000 Review of New Zealand bullseyes (Perciformes: Pempheridae). N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res.34:87-102. (Ref. 88976) FB-Morphology-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2012-02-23 00:00:00 2012-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 29 - 35 Mooi, R.D. 2000 Review of New Zealand bullseyes (Perciformes: Pempheridae). N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res.34:87-102. (Ref. 88976) FB-Distribution-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-03-08 00:00:00 2025-03-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Southwest Pacific: endemic to New Zealand. Paulin, C. and C. Roberts 1992 The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003) FB-TrophicStrategy-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1998-11-23 00:00:00 2012-02-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public adspersa http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses This species is reported to be found to as deep as 70 m, although the deepest recorded voucher specimen is 20 m. During the day, adults hide in caves or under ledges and large boulders in schools, emerging at night to feed on large nocturnal plankton. They are also observed to return to shelter each morning, sometimes at the same sites. During the day, juveniles up to a length of 40 mm form groups of up to 150 individuals hovering over Ecklonia-covered rocks or kelp forest, and are never far from shelter. Adult diet observed to consists of amphipods (45%), mysids (20%), polychaetes (20%), isopods (7%), and crab larvae and ostracods (8%) which are taken out of the water column c. 4-5 m from the bottom. Juveniles that are less than 40 mm are diurnal feeders, mostly feeding on small copepods. Some groups were observed to enter rivers by night in summer and swim well upstream into mangrove forests to feed on crab larvae, shrimps, amphipods, and other zooplankton. This species can be a very common and conspicuous component of rocky reef fauna (Ref. 88976). Russell, B.C. 1983 The food and feeding habits of rocky reef fish of north-eastern New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 17(2):121-145. (Ref. 26966) FB-Size-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-03-08 00:00:00 2015-07-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration 15.8 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 88976)) Mooi, R.D. 2000 Review of New Zealand bullseyes (Perciformes: Pempheridae). N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res.34:87-102. (Ref. 88976) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-47000 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-03-08 00:00:00 2015-07-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47000 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 70 m (Ref. 88976) Mooi, R.D. 2000 Review of New Zealand bullseyes (Perciformes: Pempheridae). N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res.34:87-102. (Ref. 88976)