FB-4659 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Tetraodontiformes Diodontidae Diodon Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 Drutm Najezka Baiacu Baiacu de espinho Baiacu-de-espinho Crum Peixe-ouriço Peixe-ouriço-de-cista Peixe-ouriço-de-crista Ballon-penvis Mosi Buriring Butete Tagotong Almindelig pindsvinefisk Igelfisch Ajargo Ballonfish Balloon porcupinefish Balloonfish Baloon pufferfish Baloonfish Bloched porcupine fish Blotched porcupine Brown porcupine fish Burrfish Fine-spotted porcupinefish Fine-spotted porcupine-fish Freckled porcupinefish Freckled porcupine-fish Hedgehog fish Longspine porcupinefish Long-spine porcupinefish Longspined porcupinefish Mottled porcupinefish Porcupine Porcupine fish Porcupinefish Spiny porcupinefish Spiny puffer Spiny pufferfish Spiny balloonfish Atopomükter Harilik siilkala Hlomadze sokisoki Petit porc-épic Porc-épic ballon Porc-épine ballon Souffleur à épines Nshon kotoko Okala O'opu Botiti Tagutongan Harisenbon Hari-senbon Bankocho Ka-shi-pok 가시복 Buntal-landak panjang Buntel duren Buntal durian Buntal landak Qaruumbo-maanyo Bunju Bunju nungu Puju Brunfläckig Igelkottfisk Areva Aufa Totara Boteteng laot Botiting laot Buktit Buteteng laot Ganutan Cá Nóc Nhiêm Cá Nóc nhím sáu vằn Guanábana Pejerizo Pejerizo balón Pez eriso Pez erizo Pez erizo balón Pez erizo mapache Puercoespín balón Puercoespín pintado Tamboril negro Tamborillo Boule tangue Busisi Daut-dotan Ježevka Kotoko Liù bān cì tún Lukoh itingan Otit Peixe-crum Porkspim Tagutugan Taius-wushuga Titeve tara tara 九斑刺魨 九斑刺鲀 六斑二齒魨 六斑二齿鲀 六斑刺魨 六斑刺鲀 刺规 棘泡 气瓜仔 Atopomycterus bocagei Steindachner, 1866 Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus, 1758 Diodon hystrix (non Linnaeus, 1758) Diodon hystrix holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758 Diodon liturosus (non Shaw, 1804) Diodon maculifer Kaup, 1855 Diodon multimaculatus Cuvier, 1818 Diodon novemaculatus Cuvier, 1818 Diodon novemmaculatus Cuvier, 1818 Diodon paraholocanthus Kotthaus, 1979 Diodon pilosus Mitchill, 1815 Diodon quadrimaculatus Cuvier, 1818 Diodon sexmaculatus Cuvier, 1818 Paradiodon quadrimaculatus (Cuvier, 1818) Trichodiodon pilosus (Mitchill, 1815) 1991-10-09 2024-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Flandinette, P.0 Secret Seas Discovering the secrets of Oman's underwater world. Mazoon Printing, Publishing and Packaging LLC: Muscat, Oman. 239p. (Ref. 129713) Petit-Marty, N., M. Liu, I.Z. Tan, A. Chung, B. Terrasa, B. Guijarro, F. Ordines, S. Ramirez-Amaro, E. Massuti and C. Schunter0 Declining population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in commercial fishes: a simple method for a first diagnostic. Frontiers in Marine Science 9(872537):1-11. (Ref. 130275) Kwei, E.A. and D.W. Ofori-Adu0 Fishes in the coastal waters of Ghana. Comm. 2. Tema-Ghana. 124p. (Ref. 130891) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-4659-2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 1998-03-05 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dihol_u1.jpg FB-pic-4659-8595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-04-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dihol_u5.jpg Locality: Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-4659-8596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-04-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dihol_u6.jpg FB-pic-4659-8597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-04-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dihol_u7.jpg FB-pic-4659-8598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-10-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u8.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dihol_u8.jpg FB-pic-4659-11975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-09-19 1997-04-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u3.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dihol_u3.gif FB-pic-4659-12662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-18 1996-12-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dihol_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dihol_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-09 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabit shallow reefs to open, soft bottoms. Also in areas with rocky substrata. Sometimes form groups (Ref. 9710, 48637). Occur on open muddy substrates as well as on rich soft-bottom and coral reefs. Juveniles often with floating Sargassum rafts. Young and sub-adults may form small groups (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles pelagic to about 6-9 cm. Solitary. Feed on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, and crabs at night (Ref. 9680). Relatively poor swimmers (Ref. 9710). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Captured at the surface using a hand net (Ref. 26165). Leis, J.M. 1984 Diodontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3393) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-04 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 Pelagic juveniles with spots, particularly prominent on belly; adults with dark blotches across back and spots between the blotches; fins without spots (Ref. 4423). 14 to 16 spines in an approximate row between snout and origin of dorsal fin; with a large brown bar above and below each eye; a broad transverse brown bar on occipital region of head (Ref. 13442). Leis, J.M. 1986 Diodontidae. p. 903-907. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4423) FB-Morphology-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-04 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 13 - 15 Leis, J.M. 1986 Diodontidae. p. 903-907. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4423) FB-Distribution-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-05-07 00:00:00 2018-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Circumtropical in distribution. Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951), Florida, USA and the Bahamas to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: 30°N to 23°S (Ref. 6951); also South Africa (Ref. 4423). Western Indian Ocean: southern Red Sea to Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius (Ref. 53568). Pacific Ocean: southern Japan south to Lord Howe Island and east to the Hawaiian and Easter islands (Ref. 37816). Also from southern California, USA to Colombia (Ref. 11482) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5227). Leis, J.M. 1984 Diodontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3393) FB-Uses-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-09 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability: Fujita, T., W. Hamaura, A. Takemura and K. Takano 1997 Histological observations of annual reproductive cycle and tidal spawning rhythm in the female porcupine fish <i>Diodon holocanthus</i>. Fish. Sci. 63(5):715-720. (Ref. 35316) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) FB-TrophicStrategy-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-04 00:00:00 2022-08-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public holocanthus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 37816, 58534) to open shallow, soft bottoms. Occurs on open muddy substrates as well as on rich soft-bottom and coral reefs. Also in areas with rocky substrata. Young and sub-adults may form small groups (Ref. 48637). Juveniles pelagic to about 6-9 cm. Solitary. Feeds on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, shellfish and crabs at night (Ref. 9680, 54301). Mobile-invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615, 57616). Sessile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). A relatively poor swimmer (Ref. 9710). A relatively poor swimmer (Ref. 9710). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-10-09 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4659-61 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-05-28 00:00:00 2003-05-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4659&StockCode=5717 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Lymphocystis Disease. Viral diseases McCosker, J.E. and R.F. Nigrelli 1971 New records of lymphocystis disease in four eastern pacific fish species. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28:1809-1810. (Ref. 45642) FB-Habitat-4659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-10-09 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4659 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 200 m (Ref. 5951), usually 2 - 35 m (Ref. 40849) Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951) Gasparini, J.L. and S.R. Floeter 2001 The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. J. Nat. Hist. 35:1639-1656. (Ref. 40849)