FB-4605 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Thymallus Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) Harr lipień Lipien europejski Peixe-sombra Freskori Losa Lipan Lipan podhorní Lipen obycajny Cangen las Europæisk stalling Stalling Aesch Aesche Aescher Aeschling Asch Asche Äsche Federäsche Garr Gräsling Harr Mailing Mayling Meiling Ombretta Perpel Spalt Spelt Sprengling Sprenzling Springer Springling Sprönzling Sprötzling Stalling Stilling Stolling Zeitasch European grayling Grayling Euroopa harjus harjus Harjus Ombre Ombre commun Ombre de rivière אחי-טרוטה Pénzes pér Temolo alata Kharius Kharius obyknovennyi европейский (обыкновенный) хариус хариус европейский Хариус обыкновенный Lipen obycajný Harr Tímalo Lipan Vlagzalm 茴魚 茴鱼 Salmo punctatus Gronow, 1854 Salmo striatus Reisinger, 1830 Salmo thymallus Linnaeus, 1758 Salmo thymus Bonnaterre, 1788 Thymallus aeliani Valenciennes, 1848 Thymallus decorus Koch, 1840 Thymallus gymnogaster Valenciennes, 1848 Thymallus gymnothorax Valenciennes, 1848 Thymallus thymallus kamensis Lukash, 1929 Thymallus thymallus lacustris Balon, 1962 Thymallus umbrosa Gistel, 1848 Thymallus vexillifer Fitzinger, 1832 Thymallus vexillifer Perty, 1832 Thymallus vulgaris Nilsson, 1832 Thymalus gymnogaster Valenciennes, 1848 Thymalus gymnothorax Valenciennes, 1848 1991-08-19 2010-07-13 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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(Ref. 124011) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Uiuiu, P., R. Constantinescu, T. Păpuc, G.-C. Muntean, M.C. Matei-Lațiu, A. Becze, D. Cocan, C. Lațiu and C.O. Martonoș0 Influence of longitudinal fragmentation on length-weight relationships of fishes in the Someșul Cald River, Romania. Fishes 9(10):420. (Ref. 132329) FB-pic-4605-27168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2000-07-03 2000-07-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ththy_u8.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Ththy_u8.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2010-07-13 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 Inhabits submontane reaches of rivers with a hard sand or stone bottom and well oxygenated, cold and fast-flowing water (Ref. 59043). Prefers running, well-oxygenated waters of rivers (Ref. 30578). In Scandinavia, it occurs in clear lakes and freshened part of northern Baltic basin. Usually lives in hollows behind boulders and shaded water under overhanging vegetation (Ref. 59043). Gregarious, forms schools (Ref. 2196). Feeds mainly on insects (Ref. 9696), nymphs, small worms and crustaceans (Ref. 30578). Breeds in shallow stretches, usually 20-40 cm deep, or riffles, with moderate current of about 0.5 m/s and clean gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Can be captured with natural bait (insect larvae) or with artificial fly. Very sensitive to pollution (Ref. 30578). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-09-25 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Distinguished from Thymallus arcticus by the following unique characters: maxillary usually reaching anterior margin of eye; pelvic fin grey, lacking red stripes; body without red spots; dorsal fin greyish, with parallel rows of round dark spots; gill rakers 19-30, averaging about 24-26 (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 to 21 rays (Ref. 2196). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-09-25 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 17; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10; Vertebrae: 57 - 61 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Europe: Barent Sea basin west of Urals, Caspian, Black, Baltic, White and North Sea basins, Atlantic westward to Loire drainage; Rhône drainage; northern Adriatic basin east to Soca drainage. Introduced over most of southern and central Finland. Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2010-07-13 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Size-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2010-07-13 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 556)); max. published weight: 6,700 g (Ref. 6368); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 556) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Liedes, L. 1961 Suurista kaloista. (About big fish). Suomen Kalastuslehti 27:198-201. (in Finnish). Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-08-19 00:00:00 2010-07-13 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4605 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat benthopelagic; non-migratory; freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20; depth range 15 - ? m (Ref. 30578) Billard, R. 1997 Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. (Ref. 30578)