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	<dc:identifier>FB-4573</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Lophiiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Neoceratiidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Neoceratias</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Neoceratias spinifer Pappenheim, 1914</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Tandangler</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spiny seadevil</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Uussarvkala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>新角鮟鱇</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1991-07-26</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-01-31</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=63&amp;speccode=4573'>ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=245&amp;speccode=4573'>Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. (Ref. 245)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=557&amp;speccode=4573'>Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH &amp; Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6993&amp;speccode=4573'>Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin No. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 194 p. (Ref. 6993)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7300&amp;speccode=4573'>Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12893&amp;speccode=4573'>Pietsch, T.W.0 Neoceratiidae. Deep-sea anglerfishes. p. 2027. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 12893)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=4573'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=4573'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=4573'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=4573'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58302&amp;speccode=4573'>Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=4573'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=4573'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9780520255425' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86949&amp;speccode=4573'>Pietsch, T.W.0 Oceanic anglerfishes. Extraordinary diversity in the deep sea. Oceanic Anglerfishes, i-xii; 1-557pp. (Ref. 86949)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=4573'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=4573'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=4573'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105472&amp;speccode=4573'>Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122006&amp;speccode=4573'>Ho, H.-C. and K.-T. Shao0 Two new deep-sea anglerfishes (Oneirodidae and Gigantactidae) from Taiwan, with synopsis of Taiwanese ceratioids. Zootaxa 4702(1):10-18. (Ref. 122006)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-4573</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-07-26 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Meso- (Ref 58302) and bathypelagic (Ref. 7300, 75154).  Females with long movable teeth outside jaws.  Mature males parasitic on females.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=245&amp;speccode=4573'>Nelson, J.S. 1984 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. (Ref. 245)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-4573</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Roxanne Rei Valdestamon</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2013-06-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Metamorphosed females distinguished by the following characteristics: lacks illicium and second cephalic spine, as well as cranial trough, within which pterygiophore of illicium lies in all other female ceratioids; broad and roughly rectangular shaped frontals; absence of metapterygoid and mesopterygoid; usually short and nearly straight preopercle; usually thick and well developed premaxillae and dentaries, with rounded edges; presence of a pair of prominent nasal papillae on snout; inner margin of jaws bearing single inner row of small immobile teeth; outer margin bears 2-3 series of long hinged teeth, each with tiny distal hook; dorsal and anal fins mounted on prominent bases; presence of supraethmoid; frontals without ventromedial extensions, meet on midline; presence of parietals; conical shaped sphenotics, without distal spine; presence of pterosphenoid; hyomandibula with single head; 2 hypohyals and 6 (2+4), rarely 5 (1+4), branchiostegal rays; bifuctaed and very much reduced opercle; reduced subopercle, long and narrow, as long as or slightly longer than lower fork of opercle, without posterior notch; ventral part without spine or projection on anterior margin; quadrate, articular, angular and preopercular spines absent; jaws subequal, lower extending anteriorly beyond upper; lower jaw lacking symphisial spine; absence postmaxillary process of premaxilla and anterior-maximandibular ligament; absence of first, second and fourth  pharyngobranchial, third is well developed and toothed; single ossified hypobranchial; absence of ossified basibranchials; absence of epibranchial and ceratobranchial; epurals absent; deeply notched posterior margin of hypural plate; pterygiophore of illicium fully embedded in skin of head; esca absent; coracoid lacking posteroventral process; 3 pectoral radials; small and cylindrical pelvic bones, without distal expansion; dorsal fin rays 10-13; anal fin rays 10-13; pectoral fin rays 12-15; pelvic fins absent (Ref. 86949).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='9780520255425' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86949&amp;speccode=4573'>Pietsch, T.W. 2009 Oceanic anglerfishes. Extraordinary diversity in the deep sea. Oceanic Anglerfishes, i-xii; 1-557pp. (Ref. 86949)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Roxanne Rei Valdestamon</agent>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Analsoft rays: 10 - 13</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='9780520255425' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86949&amp;speccode=4573'>Pietsch, T.W. 2009 Oceanic anglerfishes. Extraordinary diversity in the deep sea. Oceanic Anglerfishes, i-xii; 1-557pp. (Ref. 86949)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Western Central Pacific.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12893&amp;speccode=4573'>Pietsch, T.W. 1999 Neoceratiidae. Deep-sea anglerfishes. p. 2027. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 12893)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-4573</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest</dc:description>
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	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-4573</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>6.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 557))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=557&amp;speccode=4573'>Wheeler, A. 1977 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH &amp; Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-4573</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 58302)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58302&amp;speccode=4573'>Mundy, B.C. 2005 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302)</reference></dataObject>
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