FB-4561 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Siganidae Siganus Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835) Mublad Nga-suee-than Nga-yan-shar Danggit Lap Netmønstret kaninfisk Maze rabbitfish Maze rabbit-fish Rabbitfish Scribbled spinefoot Spinefoot Vermiculate rabbitfish Vermiculate spinefoot Vermiculated rabbitfish Vermiculated spine foot Vermiculated spinefoot Ceveceve Nuqa nuqa ni vei dogo Sigan vermicelle Kitang Samaral Simaral Somaral Mushikui-aigo Belais Belaris Belibas Beronang tulis Bliais Bonang-bonang Debam Dengkis Dengkis batik Gelibas Ketang Ketang lada Lambai Leban Lumban Samadar Dangit Samaral Sigano vermiculado Balawis Barangan Barangen Beronang tulis Binulakan Bulik Cabeeh buluen Danggit-Luy-abon Dangit Epong Geramey-geramey Igesheosheo Kaekale Manlalara Rorokan Samadar Turus 臭肚 蠕紋籃子魚 蠕纹篮子鱼 象鱼 Amphacanthus russelii Valenciennes, 1835 Amphacanthus vermiculatus Valenciennes, 1835 Siganus shortlandensis Seale, 1906 Teuthis argentea (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Teuthis vermiculata (Valenciennes, 1835) Teuthis vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835) 1991-07-24 2022-02-11 Fischer, W. and G. Bianchi (eds.)0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Prepared and printed with the support of the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). FAO, Rome. Vol. 1-6: pag. var. (Ref. 186) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312) Macleay, W.0 Contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea. No. 1. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 7(2):224-250. (Ref. 462) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Lichatowich, T. and D. Popper0 Report on the growth of rabbitfish in fish ponds in Fiji. Aquaculture 5:211-212. (Ref. 1252) Woodland, D.J.0 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Cuvier, M.B. and M.A. Valenciennes0 Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome 10. Chez F.G. Levrault, Paris, xxiv + 482 p. (Ref. 1643) Gunderman, N., D.M. Popper and T. Lichatowich0 Biology and life cycle of <i>Siganus vermiculatus</i> (Siganidae, Pisces). Pac. Sci. 37:165-180. (Ref. 1827) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Allen, G.R.0 Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication, no. 9. 268 p. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 2847) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Conlu, P.V.0 Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Fishes. Volume IX. Natural Resources Management Center, Quezon City. 495 p. (Ref. 2858) Smith, A. and P. Dalzell0 Fisheries resources and management investigations in Woleai Atoll, Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. Inshore Fish. Res. Proj., Tech. Doc., South Pacific Commission. Noumea, New Caledonia. 64 p. (Ref. 3807) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Department of Fisheries0 Annual fishery statistics. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia. (Ref. 4789) Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193) McManus, J.W., C.L. Nañola Jr., R.B. Reyes Jr. and K.N. Kesner0 Resource ecology of the Bolinao coral reef system. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 22:117 p. (Ref. 5399) Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak and M.N.A. Salam0 Malay, English, and scientific names of the fishes of Malaysia. Occas. Publ. Fac. Fish. Mar. Sci. Univ. Pertanian Malays. 11:226 p. (Ref. 5756) Schuster, W.H. and R. Djajadiredja0 Local common names of Indonesian fishes. W.V. Hoeve, Bandung, Indonesia. 276 p. (Ref. 6107) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. III. Gobiidae to Molidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. 153 p. (Ref. 6771) De la Paz, R.M., N. Aragones and D. Agulto0 Coral-reef fishes off western Calatagan, Batangas (Luzon Island, Philippines) with notes on new and rare captures and controversial taxa. Philipp. J. Sci. 117:237-318. (Ref. 6956) Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo0 Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050) Kuiter, R.H.0 Tropical reef-fishes of the western Pacific Indonesia and adjacent waters. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. 314 p. (Ref. 8631) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Dela Paz, R. and N. Aragones0 Mangrove fishes of Pagbilao (Quezon Province, Luzon Island), with notes on their abundance and seasonality. Natural and Applied Sci. Bull. 37(2):171-190. (Ref. 11338) Seale, A.0 The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands. Part I, commercial fishes. Philipp. J. Sci. 3(6):513-531. (Ref. 12744) Séret, B.0 Les poissons d'eau douce de Nouvelle-Calédonie: implications biogéographiques de récentes découvertes. Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. 171:369-378. (Ref. 13235) Marquet, G., B. Séret and R. Lecomte-Finiger0 Inventaires comparés des poissons des eaux intérieures de trois îles océaniques tropicales de l'Indo-Pacifique (la Réunion, la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Tahiti). Cybium 21(1 suppl.):27-34. (Ref. 13246) Goo, F.C.C. and A.H. Banner0 A preliminary compilation of Fijian animal and plant names. Manuscript prepared under Contract SA-43-ph-3741. National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 13365) Foale, S.0 What's in a name? An analysis of the West Nggela (Solomon Islands) fish taxonomy. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin No. 9:3-19. (Ref. 26367) Mohsin, A.K.M. and M.A. Ambak0 Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. University of Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malaysia. 744 p. (Ref. 27550) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Rao, K.V.R.0 Pisces. p. 483-506. In Fauna of Chilka Lake. Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. India. 673 p. (Ref. 29108) Ganaden, S.R. and F. Lavapie-Gonzales0 Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines. 385 p. (Ref. 31411) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Kami, H.T.0 Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement II. Micronesica 11(1):115-121. (Ref. 35720) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul0 Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 353 p. (Ref. 37773) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Johannes, R.E.0 Using knowledge of the reproductive behavior of reef and lagoon fishes to improve fishing yields. p. 247-270. In J.E. Bardach, R.C. Magnuson, R.C. May and J.M. Reinhart (eds.) Fish behavior and its use in the capture and culture of fishes. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 5, 512 p. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 40763) Popper, D., R.C. May and T. Lichatowich0 An experiment in rearing larval <i>Siganus vermiculatus</i> (Valenciennes) and some observations on its spawning cycle. Aquaculture 7:281-290. (Ref. 40769) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Pollnac, R.B. and M.L.G. Gorospe0 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Atulayan Bay. p. 77-139. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM 1445. (Ref. 41469) Woodland, D.0 Siganidae. Rabbitfishes (spinefoots). p. 3627-3650. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. 837 p. (Ref. 43045) Dioneda, R.R., L.R. Pura, Q.P. Sia III and L.O. Basmayor0 A checklist of fishes and invertebrates caught and observed in Lagonoy Gulf. <i>In</I> G. Silvestre, C. Luna, V. Soliman and L. Garces (eds.) Resource and ecological assessment of Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines: Terminal Report Vol.2 Technical Monograph. ICLARM Tech Rep. 000,000 p. (Ref. 43283) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Museum. UPV Museum. (Ref. 43309) Basmayor, L.O., R.D. Dioneda and V.S. Soliman0 The fishes and invertebrates of San Miguel Bay. p.36-47. In V.S. Soliman and R.D. Dioneda (eds.) Capture Fisheries Assessment of San Miguel Bay, Post-Resource and Ecological Assessment of San Miguel Bay, Phil., Vol.1. BFAR, Fish. Sect. Prog. and Bicol Univ. Coll. of Fish. SMB Post-REA Tech. Rep. 1,60 p. (Ref. 45161) Silvestre, G.T., L.R. Garces and C.Z. Luna0 Resource and ecological assessment of Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines: Terminal Report Vol.1 Final Report. In G. Silvestre, C. Luna, V. Soliman and L. Garces (eds.) Resource and ecological assessment of Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 000, 000 p. (Ref. 45227) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Dantis, A.L. and P.M. Aliño (comps.)0 Checklist of Philippine reef fishes. p. 208-226. In Aliño, P.M.,E.F.B.Miclat,C.L.Nañola Jr.,H.A.Roa-Quiaoit and R.T.Campos(eds.) Atlas of Philippine coral reefs.Philippine Coral Reef Information (Philreefs). Goodwill Trading Co.,Inc.(Goodwill Bookstore),Quezon City,Philippines. xvi + 264p. (Ref. 45419) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes - Sunfishes, Opistognathidae - Molidae. Zoonetics, Australia. p. 623-893. (Ref. 48637) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mangaoang, I.D. Jr.0 Age and growth of three species of <i>Siganus</i> in the wild and in captivity, a comparative study based on their otolith's daily rings. University of the Philippines, Diliman. Master thesis. 88 p. (Ref. 68179) De la Cruz, M.D.L.T.0 Catch composition and seasonal abundance of fish corral caught fishes in Guiuan, Eastern Samar with notes on the biology of some commercially important species. University of the Philippines-Visayas. MS thesis. 157 p. (Ref. 68980) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Thaman, R.R., T. Fong and A. Balawa0 Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. (Ref. 79890) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Panglima Laot Lhok Krueng Aceh0 List Jenis Ikan yang Ada di Perairan Aceh: Fish Species/Jenis Ikan. http://www.panglima.net/ (Ref. 84015) Department of Fisheries Malaysia0 Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p. (Ref. 85449) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Rajan, P.T., C.R. Sreeraj and T. Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) de la Paz, R.M. and N.V. Aragones0 Abundance and seasonality of siganid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes) in Cape Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines, with notes on <i>Siganus fuscescens</i> (Houttuyn). Phil. J. Sci. 119(3):223-235. (Ref. 87989) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Khin, M.S and D.O. Stanley0 Fishery resources of the Wunbaik reserved mangrove forest. FAO-UN, Myanmar Publication 2011/04, 125p. (Ref. 97399) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi0 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4561-9156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-24 2013-06-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution market Locality: Manado, Celebes, Indonesia. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Siver_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Siver_u4.jpg Locality: Manado, Celebes, Indonesia. FB-pic-4561-34151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2002-09-04 2002-09-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Siver_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Siver_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-24 00:00:00 2022-02-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 Juveniles live among mangroves then move out to lagoon and coastal reefs as they mature. Forms schools. Feeds on algae growing on seagrasses, mangrove roots and rocks. Adults congregate inshore in groups of several hundreds to spawn in summer. Spawning is by pairs; sticky eggs laid on the bottom. Its very high quality flesh commands premium prices (Ref. 9813). Adults on coastal reefs, subject to strong currents (Ref. 48637). This species can tolerate very low salinities (2 ppt) and temperatures up to 38 C (Ref. 37816). Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-09-25 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Body bluish white; head brown to brownish or golden yellow with irregular blue lines. Preopercular angle 91°-102°; strong overlapping scales cover cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with low flange, broadened slightly posteriorly. Spines stout, blunt or pungent, and venomous. Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) FB-Morphology-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-09-25 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 7; Analsoft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13 Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) FB-Distribution-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-24 00:00:00 2022-02-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-West Pacific: India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Belau [=Palau], Guam, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, ?New Caledonia, ?Western Australia, ?Pohnpei, Caroline Islands, ?Ebon Island and Marshall Islands. Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) FB-Uses-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-24 00:00:00 2022-02-11 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: likely future use; aquarium: commercial Woodland, D. 1997 Siganidae. Rabbitfishes (spinefoots). p. 3627-3650. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. 837 p. Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-07-24 00:00:00 2022-02-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4561&StockCode=4746 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Throughout summer, adults form inshore breeding groups of several hundred individuals on the 7th or 8th days of the lunar month; pairs break from these groups to spawn. The species has a high fecundity of 350,000/spawning season. Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) FB-TrophicStrategy-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-07 00:00:00 2018-04-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public vermiculatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Juveniles live among mangroves then move out to lagoon and coastal reefs as they mature. Forms schools. Feeds on algae growing on seagrasses, mangrove roots and rocks. Adults congregate inshore in groups of several hundreds to spawn in summer. Spawning is by pairs; sticky eggs laid on the bottom. Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) FB-Size-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-24 00:00:00 2022-02-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1419)); max. published weight: 2,393 g (Ref. 125599) Woodland, D.J. 1990 Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi 2019 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-24 00:00:00 2022-02-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4561 reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 20 m (Ref. 48637), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 90102) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes - Sunfishes, Opistognathidae - Molidae. Zoonetics, Australia. p. 623-893. (Ref. 48637) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102)