FB-4519 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Osteoglossiformes Gymnarchidae Gymnarchus Gymnarchus niloticus Cuvier, 1829 Weer Wir Gymnarch nilský Nilgedde Großer Nilhecht Nilhecht Aba Aba aba Frankfish Uimselg Eyor Yor Nauhanorsukala Dan sarki Salbali Yauri Zawo Asa Ka'a Kpoyei Alluuxuune Kawale Sinjaane Nilgädda Galakh Osan Aba Ason Beesoo Cot Dehe Eshi Kuninay Lowarayame Memenego Mok Reel Riaal Sojigɛ T-gbaren Tiocumba 裸臀魚 裸臀鱼 Gymnarchus electricus Cuvier, 1829 1991-07-08 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. (Ref. 245) Blache, J.0 Les poissons du bassin du Tchad et du bassin adjacent du Mayo Kebbi. Étude systématique et biologique. Mém. O.R.S.T.O.M. 4(2):483 p. (Ref. 367) de Merona, B., T. Hecht and J. Moreau0 Croissance des poissons d'eau douce africains. [Growth of African freshwater fishes.]. p. 191-219. In C. Lévêque, M.N. Bruton and G.W. Ssentongo (eds.) Biologie et écologie des poissons d'eau douce africains. Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Coll. Trav. Doc. 216. 508 p. (Ref. 383) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Cuvier, G.L.0 Le règne animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée. Tome II. Chez Déterville, Paris. 406 p. (Ref. 1918) FAO0 Fishery investigations on the Niger and Benoué river in the northern region and development of a program of river-side fishery management and training. FAO, UNDP (TA) Rep. 2771. 196 p. (Ref. 2744) Bigorne, R.0 Gymnarchidae. p. 185-186. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. 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(Ref. 105472) Okeyo, D.O. and W.O. Ojwang (Comp.)0 A photographic guide to freshwater fishes of Kenya. SeriouslyFish.com (LINK). Electronic version accessed [29/05/2017] (Ref. 115164) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Sukhum, K.V., M.K. Freiler, R. Wang and B.A. Carlson0 The costs of a big brain: extreme encephalization results in higher energetic demand and reduced hypoxia tolerance in weakly African fishes. Proc. R. Soc. B 283:2016-2157. (Ref. 117394) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Moritz, T., Z.N. El Dayem, M.A. Abdallah and D. Neumann0 New and rare records of fishes from the White Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. Cybium 43(2):137-151. (Ref. 120561) Lederoun, D., K.R. Lalèyè, A.R. Boni, G. Amoussou, H. Vodougnon, H. Adjibogoun and P.A. Lalèyè0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of some of the most abundant species in the fish catches of Lake Nokoué and Porto-Novo Lagoon (Benin, West Africa). Lakes and Reserv. 2018:1-7. (Ref. 128905) Hontonyon, E. W.0 Fish catches among water side communities of Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. Lagos State University, Department of Fisheries, Thesis. (Ref. 132914) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 118411, 126274). Inhabits marginal vegetation and swamps constructing a flask-shaped nest in vegetation during the floods, which it is reputed to defend with vigour (Ref. 28714). Following flooding of the Gambia River banks, large elliptical floating nests are build in densely vegetated swamps at depths of about 1-1.5 m, in which about 1000 ‘amber-like’ eggs are laid; larvae hatch after 5 days (Ref. 10609). Feeds on crustaceans, insects and fish (Ref. 28714). No pelvic, anal or caudal fins (Ref. 28714). Possesses an electric organ that extends along almost the entire trunk to the tip of the tail (Ref. 10840). Also equipped with ampullary receptors and two types of tuberous receptors for electroreception (Ref. 10841). Showed increased electric organ discharge (EOD) rate by 50-60 Hz between 21 and 31°C (Ref. 10837). Bigorne, R. 1990 Gymnarchidae. p. 185-186. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2911) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-06-26 00:00:00 2022-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 Diagnosis: body very elongate (Ref. 28714, 81275), anguilliform (Ref. 81275), its depth 7.2-10.6 times in SL, and covered with tiny scales (Ref. 2915, 81275). Lateral line complete (Ref. 81275). Dorsal fin soft-rayed, extending almost over the entire length of back (Ref. 81275), stopping short of a naked tail (Ref. 28714). Pelvic, anal and caudal fins absent (Ref. 28714, 81275), body ending in a thin/sharp point (Ref. 2915, 81275). Pectoral fins reduced (Ref. 81275), 1.9-5.0 times in head length (Ref. 2915, 81275). Head naked, its length 5.6-6.9 times in SL; snout prominent (Ref. 2915, 81275). Mouth large and terminal; teeth strong, pointed or notched, aligned in a single row in both jaws, 12-16 in upper, 22-28 in lower jaw; premaxillae, as well as vomer and palatines, coalesced; maxillae, vomer and palatines toothless; eye very small, without a free margin (covered by skin); only the left gonad is developed and functional (Ref. 81275).Coloration: dark grey to almost black, darker posteriorly; belly whitish (Ref. 81275). Bigorne, R. 2003 Gymnarchidae. p. 223-225. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81275) FB-Morphology-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-06-26 00:00:00 2022-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 183230 Bigorne, R. 2003 Gymnarchidae. p. 223-225. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81275) FB-Distribution-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2023-07-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Africa: basins of the rivers Senegal, Gambia, Volta, Niger and Chad in West Africa (Ref. 3530, 81275). Also in the Nile River basin (Ref. 3530, 28714) and Lake Turkana (Ref. 3530, 52331). Bigorne, R. 2003 Gymnarchidae. p. 223-225. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81275) FB-Uses-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4519&StockCode=4709 Breeds in well-vegetated, marginal areas of swamps and rivers, where a large, floating nest, about 1 m in diameter, is constructed, in which the eggs are laid and later guarded by one of the parents (Ref. 27583). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-07 00:00:00 2000-11-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public niloticus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Following flooding of the river banks (Gambia River), this species builds large elliptical floating nests in densely vegetated swamps at depths of about 1-1.5 m; lays about 1000 `amber-like' eggs; larvae hatching after 5 days (Ref. 10609). Feeds on crustaceans, insects and fish. Bigorne, R. 1990 Gymnarchidae. p. 185-186. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2911) FB-Size-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 167 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2915)); max. published weight: 18.5 kg (Ref. 2915) Bigorne, R. 1990 Mormyridae. p. 122-184. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2915) Bigorne, R. 1990 Mormyridae. p. 122-184. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2915) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-07-08 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4519 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; pH range: 6.5 - 8.0; dH range: 10 - 25 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)