FB-4508 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae Neotrygon Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Page Rrull Uge ponteado Bloukol-pylstert Lukhmah Dahunan Daragon Kuyampao Kuyampo Pagi Leik-kyauh sun-maung-shin Kuhls pigrokke Bluespotted maskray Blue-spotted maskray Ble-spotted stingaree Ble-spotted stingray Blue spotted stingray Blue-spotted stingaree Bluespotted stingray Blue-spotted stingray Kuhl's stingray Spotted stingray Sinitäpp-maskrai vai vai dina Pastenague à points bleus Raie à points bleus Requin raie Pari blentik Yakko ei Yakko-ei 꽁지가오리 Pakat Palwa पकात पळवा Ketuka Kiampau Pari lalat Pari lanyau Pari macan Pari minyak Pari renyau Pari riman Pari rimau Pari tanjung хвостокол японский Fai-malie Fai-tala Chittipi-tan Kunnoo-tirike Kunoo-tirike Pulli-thirukhai புள்ளீதீருக்கை  புள்ளி திருக்‍கை குன்னு தீருக்கை  குன்னு தீருக்கை   கூனுத் திருக்‍கை Shemen-tenkee షిమెన్ టెంకీ షిమెన్ టెంకీ  Dahunan Pagi Krabane Jamoog-woa Cá Duôi Bông Cá Đuối bông đuôi vằn Cá Đuối bồng đuôi vằn Ali Anin Fai kili Faiyemeet Grijze pijlstaartrog Kalbog Nek pa Ntsara Pague Pari kodok Pasa-pasa Vali Vé 古氏土魟 古氏魟 鲂仔 Amphotistius kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatis akajei (non Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatis kuhli (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatis kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatis luhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatus kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasybatus kuhli (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dicerobatis kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) Raya trigonoides (non Castelnau, 1873) Trygon kuhlii Müller & Henle, 1841 1991-07-05 2024-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 345 p. (Ref. 116211) Borsa, P.0 <i>Neotrygon vali</i>, a new species of the blue-spotted maskray complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae). Species 18(60):146-153. (Ref. 116657) Last, P.R., White, W.T. and B. Séret0 Taxonomic status of maskrays of the <i>Neotrygon kuhlii</i> species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4083(4):533-561. (Ref. 116741) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Rajan, P.T. and S.S. Mishra0 Fishes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: An updated checklist. J. Andaman Sci. Assoc. 23(2):148-181. (Ref. 122316) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Vaughan, D.B. and L.A. Chisholm0 Three <i>Dendromonocotyle</i> species (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) reported from captive rays, including <i>D. lotteri</i> sp. n. from<i>Himantura gerrardi</i> (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatidae) in the public aquarium at the Atlantis resort, Dubai. Folia Parasitologica 56(2):99-106. (Ref. 124051) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Puckridge, M., P.R. Last, W.T. White and N. Andreakis0 Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, <i>Neotrygon</i>): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic. Ecol. Evol. 3(2):217-232. (Ref. 131197) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-4508-8571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-10-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dakuh_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dakuh_u2.jpg FB-pic-4508-8572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-10-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dakuh_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dakuh_u3.jpg FB-pic-4508-10567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dakuh_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dakuh_u0.gif FB-pic-4508-12659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-12-17 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dakuh_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Dakuh_u1.jpg FB-pic-4508-24044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-13 2005-07-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dakuh_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dakuh_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size A solitary species found on sandy bottoms near rocky or coral reefs (Ref. 12951). Usually found in deeper water but moves onto the reef flat and into shallow lagoons at high tide (Ref. 12951). Occasionally covers itself with sand, leaving only its eyes and tail visible (Ref. 37816). Feeds on crabs and shrimps (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). The venomous spine can inflict a painful wound (Ref.4690). Caught in very large quantities in the bottom trawl, trammel and fish trap fisheries. Utilized for its meat but of limited value due to its small size (Ref. 58048). It is parasitised by the monogenean Dendromonocotyle kuhlii on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124051). Last, P.R., White, W.T. and B. Séret 2016 Taxonomic status of maskrays of the <i>Neotrygon kuhlii</i> species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4083(4):533-561. (Ref. 116741) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 2017-12-20 00:00:00 2018-01-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats This medium-sized Neotrygon of the kuhlii-complex (reaching at least 30 cm DW) is distinguished by the following set of characters: disc is broader than long, its width ca. 1.2 times length; pectoral apices are narrowly rounded; snout rather fleshy, broadly angular, its angle ca. 107°, its length 1.7-2.1 times interorbital width; maximum width is relatively well back on disc, the length from snout tip to pectoral-fin insertion 1.8-1.9 times and disc width 2.5-2.6 times horizontal distance from snout tip to maximum disc width; preoral length is 2.4-2.8 times mouth width; internasal distance is 1.5-1.8 in prenasal length; interspiracular distance is 13-15% DW; nostril length is 2.8-4.1% DW; nasal curtain width is 8-8.3% DW; mouth small, its width 6.4-6.8% DW; horizontal distance from cloaca to caudal sting base ca. 55% of disc length; nuchal region with thornlets, none from tail in all sizes; no dermal denticles; 113 pectoral-fin radials (based on new specimen); 133 total vertebral centra (including synarcual), 39 trunk centra (including synarcual); presence of blue spots that are very small and sparse, largest spot on disc 0.3-0.5 times eye width; median belt with 0-6 (mean 3.0) blue spots, largest ~2.1% DW; pronounced mask-like marking, not covered with dark peppery spots; ventral surface of disc and pelvic fins with broad dark greyish submarginal bands; when fresh, ventral tail fold and adjacent tail bluish grey (Ref. 116741). Last, P.R., White, W.T. and B. Séret 2016 Taxonomic status of maskrays of the <i>Neotrygon kuhlii</i> species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4083(4):533-561. (Ref. 116741) FB-Distribution-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-04-07 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Southwest Pacific: Solomon Islands, but probably more widespread in Oceania (limits of its distribution need to be defined). Forms a species complex with Neotrygon australiae (Australia, New Guinea and eastern Indonesia), N. caeruleopunctata (Indian Ocean), and N. orientale (North-West Pacific). Last, P.R., White, W.T. and B. Séret 2016 Taxonomic status of maskrays of the <i>Neotrygon kuhlii</i> species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4083(4):533-561. (Ref. 116741) FB-Uses-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Joannot, P. 1997 List of fishes in the Noumea aquarium. Unpublished. (Ref. 13603) FB-LifeCycle-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4508&StockCode=5631 Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Litters size at birth 16 cm (Ref. 37816); Java form born at 11-16 cm WD, Bali form born at ~17 cm WD. Gives birth to litters of 1-2 pups; no reproductive synchronicity (Ref. 58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1996-11-25 00:00:00 2007-08-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public kuhlii http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits sandy areas among coral reefs. A solitary species found on sandy bottoms near rocky or coral reefs (Ref. 12951). Usually found in deeper water but moves onto the reef flat and into shallow lagoons at high tide (Ref. 12951). Occasionally covers itself with sand, leaving only its eyes and tail visible (Ref. 37816). Feeds on crabs and shrimps (Ref. 5578). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Also Ref. 58534. Thollot, P. 1996 Les poissons de mangrove du lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM Éditions, Paris. (Ref. 11889) FB-Size-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5578)) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-07-05 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4508 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 170 m (Ref. 89055), usually ? - 90 m (Ref. 9840) Weigmann, S. 2011 Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of eight ray species (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea) from coastal waters of Thailand. Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg 46:249-312. (Ref. 89055) Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840)