FB-4501 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Characiformes Serrasalmidae Pygocentrus Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 Pirania Natterera a. czarnoogonowa coicoa piranha Piranha Piranha caju piranha vermelha Piranha vermelha Piranha-quexicuda piraya Pirana e kuqe Rød piratfisk Diamant-Piranha Natterers Sägesalmler Roter Piranha Schulterfleck-Piranha Batman crested loach Piranha Red pirai Red piranha Redbelly piranha Punapiraaja Ruusveltikala Punapiraija pirá-añá Caribe boca de locha palometa Palometa Palometa de rio palometa de río palometa mora palometa pacusa Paña piraña Piraña Rdeča piraja 特氏臀点脂鲤 特氏臀點脂鯉 Pygocentrus altus Gill, 1870 Pygocentrus piraya (non Cuvier, 1819) Pygocentrus stigmaterythraeus (non Fowler, 1911) Pygocentrus ternetzi (Steindachner, 1908) Rooseveltiella nattereri (Kner, 1858) Serrasalmo piranha (non Spix & Agassiz, 1829) Serrasalmo ternetzi Steindachner, 1908 Serrasalmus nattereri (non Günther, 1864) Serrasalmus ternetzi Steindachner, 1908 1991-06-27 2024-08-12 Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) Kner, R.0 Zur Familie der Characinen: III. Folge der ichthyologischen Beiträge. Wien. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-Naturwiss. Classe) 18:36-38. (Ref. 2279) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 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Nat. 2020(70):46-74. (Ref. 125501) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Ramani Shirantha, R R.A.0 A field guide to the fishes in freshwaters in Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation, Colombo. XV + 502 pp. (Ref. 127520) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík0 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143) FB-pic-4501-10566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pynat_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pynat_u0.gif FB-pic-4501-30435 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2001-08-07 2022-11-26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pynat_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pynat_u3.jpg FB-pic-4501-30436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2001-08-07 2022-11-26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pynat_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pynat_j0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-12-16 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 Common in creeks and interconnected ponds in Matto Grosso, Brazil, where it influences distribution and feeding of other fish (Ref. 9080) and in areas of high primary production in Rio Machado and Rio Negro (Ref.9096). Adults feed mainly at dusk and dawn on insects, worms and fish (Ref. 7020). Medium-sized to large individuals (15-24 cm length) forage mainly at dawn, late afternoon and night up to about 2200H, whereas smaller fish (8-11 cm) are active mainly during the day (Ref. 9080). Teeth replacement on alternating sides of jaw allows continuous feeding. Its powerful dentition can inflict serious bites. Has a highly evolved auditory capacity and a 'lurking', then 'dashing' behavior during daytime. Shows hierarchies within small schools (Ref. 9077). Available information on body composition of 'piranha caju' flesh is 8.2% fat, 15.0% protein and 4.4% ash (Ref. 9251). Fink, W.L. 1993 Revision of the piranha genus <i>Pygocentrus</i>. Copeia 1993(3):665-687. (Ref. 27142) FB-Morphology-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-01-20 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 27 - 30 Kner, R. 1860 Zur Familie der Characinen: III. Folge der ichthyologischen Beiträge. Wien. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-Naturwiss. Classe) 18:36-38. (Ref. 2279) FB-Distribution-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats South America: Amazon River basin, Paraguay-Paraná River basin, northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers and Essequibo River basin (Ref. 39031). Reported from the Uruguay River, Brazil (Ref. 79585). Jégu, M. 2003 Serrasalminae (Pacus and piranhas). p. 182-196. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39031) FB-Uses-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-12-16 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Ferreira, E.J.G., J. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos 1996 A list of commercial fish species from Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. Naga, ICLARM Q. 19(3):41-44. (Ref. 12202) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Mills, D. and G. Vevers 1989 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020) FB-Migration-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-12-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-12-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4501&StockCode=4699 Males and females appear externally alike (Refs. 2279 & 9245). In 'Serrasalmus sp. aff. nattereri', reported to occur in the Orinoco basin (Venezuela, Guyana), the males have more 'bull-like' heads, but are more slender than females (Ref. 1672). Eggs are laid on tree roots trailing in the water and are guarded; the reproductive success may vary strongly from year to year depending on how the savanna was flooded (Ref. 9078). The eggs are large, adhere to plants and are not attacked by the parents. They hatch in 9 to10 days (Ref. 7020). Pauly, D. 1994 Quantitative analysis of published data on the growth, metabolism, food consumption, and related features of the red-bellied piranha, <i>Serrasalmus nattereri</i> (Characidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 41(1-4):423-437. (Ref. 9077) FB-TrophicStrategy-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-20 00:00:00 2008-06-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public nattereri http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Common in creeks and interconnected ponds in Matto Grosso, Brazil, where it influences distribution and feeding of other fish (Ref. 9080) and in areas of high primary production in Rio Machado and Rio Negro (Ref.9096). Adults feed mainly at dusk and dawn. Feeds on insects, worms and fish (Ref. 7020). Medium-sized to large individuals (15-24 cm length) forage mainly at dawn, late afternoon and night up to about 2200H, whereas smaller fish (8-11 cm) are active mainly during the day (Ref. 9080). Teeth replacement on alternating sides of jaw allows continuous feeding. Its powerful dentition can inflict serious bites. Has a highly evolved auditory capacity and a 'lurking', then 'dashing' behavior during daytime. Shows hierarchies within small schools (Ref. 9077). Pauly, D. 1994 Quantitative analysis of published data on the growth, metabolism, food consumption, and related features of the red-bellied piranha, <i>Serrasalmus nattereri</i> (Characidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 41(1-4):423-437. (Ref. 9077) FB-Size-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-12-16 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 81048)); max. published weight: 3,850 g (Ref. 40637) Britski, H.A., K.Z. de S> de Silimon and B.S. Lopes 2007 Peixes do Pantanal: manual de identificaçäo, 2 ed. re. ampl. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Informaçäo Tecnológica, 227 p. (Ref. 81048) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4501-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-22 00:00:00 2003-10-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4501&StockCode=4699 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4501-865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2006-01-30 00:00:00 2006-01-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4501&StockCode=4699 Eustrongylides Infestation 2 (Larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-4501-409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-22 00:00:00 2003-10-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4501&StockCode=4699 Ichthyobodo Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-4501-876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-04-22 00:00:00 2005-04-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4501&StockCode=4699 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Procamallanus Infection 10. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Habitat-4501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-27 00:00:00 2025-12-16 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; pH range: 5.5 - 7.5; dH range: 20 Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)