FB-4483 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cypriniformes Acheilognathidae Rhodeus Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) Mahi Mokhrj Lulehai Mahi-e-Makhraj looleei Rózanka europejska Idhtaku Hořavka hořká Bitterling Europæisk bitterling Bauerkärpflein Bille Bitterfisch Bitterling Blaukärpfli Blecke Burghoferl Kobauch Lieschkarpfen Paffendume Pille Plätteln Plättken Schbneiderkarpfen Schniederkarpfen Weberle Wittfisch Bitterling European bitterling Euroopa mõrukas Katkerokala Bitterling Bouvière Péteuse Rosière szivárványos ökle Gorchak европейский обыкновенный горчак Acıbalık Behlita Blehnita Boarca Boarta Bortanica Burtica Chisoaga Mourmouritsa Pezdirk Plutica Βαβούκι Κοκκινομάτης Μουρμουρίτσα Φλασκούνι 苦味鰟鲏 苦味鳑鲏 Cyprinus amarus Bloch, 1782 Rhodeus amarus meridionalis (non Karaman, 1924) Rhodeus genitalis Walecki, 1863 Rhodeus lucinae Walecki, 1863 Rhodeus sericeus (non Pallas, 1776) Rhodeus sericeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) 1991-06-21 2016-05-02 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström0 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Berg, L.S.0 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 2, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 1441) Winberg, G.G.0 Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. In F.E.J. Fry and W.E. Ricker (eds.) Translation Series No. 194. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. (Ref. 2093) Raffy, A.0 Recherches sur le métabolisme respiratoire des poikilotherms aquatiques. Ann. Inst. Océanogr. Monaco, N.S. 13:257-293. (Ref. 2100) Allardi, J. and P. Keith0 Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. 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Quigley0 Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) <i>List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles</i>. J. Fish Biol. 65(Suppl.B):1-40. (Ref. 54735) Plikss, M.0 Fish of Latvia. http://latvijas.daba.lv/scripts/db/saraksti/saraksti.cgi?d=zivis&l=en. Accessed 24/11/05. (Ref. 55893) Smolian, K.0 Merkbuch der Binnenfischerei. Fischereiförderung GmbH, Berlin, Germany, p. 449, XXV. (Ref. 55947) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Don River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58293) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Kuban River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58296) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58297) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Tarkan, A.S., O. Gaygusuz, H. Acipinar, C. Gürsoy and M. Ozulug0 Length-weight relationship of fishes from the Marmara region (NW-Turkey). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:271-273. (Ref. 59105) Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. 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Federal Office for Water Management, Institute of Waters Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research. (Ref. 87703) Verreycken, H., G. Van Thuyne and C. Belpaire0 Length-weight relationships of 40 freshwater fish species from two decades of monitoring in Flanders (Belgium). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2011:1-5. (Ref. 88166) Lusk, S., V. Luskova, L. Hanel, B. Lojkasek and P. Hartvich0 Červený seznam mihulí a ryb České Republiky - verze 2010. The Red List of lampreys and fishes of the Czech Republic Version 2010. Biodiverzita Ichtyofauny ČR (VIII): 68-78. (Ref. 89840) Povz, M.0 The red data list of the freshwater lampreys (Cyclostomata) and fish (Pisces) of Slovenia. p. 63-72. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90061) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Bianco, P.G.0 An update on the status of native and exotic freshwater fishes of Italy. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(1):62-77. (Ref. 94493) Ilhan, A., M. Sari, . Saygi and M.R. Ustaoğlu0 Length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes in the Biga Peninsula (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:857-858. (Ref. 94844) Petriki, O., E. Gousia and D.C. Bobori0 Weight-length relationships of 36 fish species from the River Strymon system (northern Greece). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27(3):939-941. (Ref. 95340) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Çiçek, E., R. Fricke and S.S. Birecikligil0 Freshwater fishes of Turkey: a revised and updated annotated checklist. Biharean Biologist 9(2):141-157. (Ref. 106151) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Mouladi-Saleh, A. and S. Eagderi0 Length-weight relationship and condition factor of ten fish species (Cyprinidae, Sisoridae, Mugilidae, Cichlidae, Gobiidae and Channidae) from Iranian inland waters. J. Wildlife Bio. 3(4):12-15. (Ref. 121524) Dhora, D.0 Updated lists of the fish species of Albania's freshwater. Bul. Shk. Ser. Shk. Nat. 2020(70):46-74. (Ref. 125501) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-GeneralDescr-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2016-05-02 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs most abundantly in still or slow-flowing water with dense aquatic vegetation and sand-silt bottom as lowland ponds, canals, slow-flowing rivers, backwaters and oxbows, where mussels are present (Ref. 59043). Found among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves (Unio). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Formerly used for pregnancy tests: females injected with urine from pregnant women protruded their ovipositors (Ref. 6258). Live span is exceptionally up to 5 years but most individuals do not survive the year of their first reproduction and population sizes fluctuate greatly over the years (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-21 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Caudal fin with 19 to 20 soft rays. Differs from Rhodeus meridionalis by having sub-inferior mouth (vs. terminal), rostral cap covering all or at least more than half of upper lip (vs. only upper part of upper lip) (Ref. 59043). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-10-21 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 34 - 36 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Europe: central and eastern Europe and northern Asia Minor (Ref. 57778). Basins of North, southern Baltic, Black, western and southern Caspian and Aegean Seas (from Maritza to Struma drainages); Mediterranean basin, only in northern Rhône (France) and Drin drainages (Alabania, Montenegro, Macedonia). Abundant and expanding in most of its range, but locally threatened by water pollution, weed clearing, and stocking of predatory fish (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2016-05-02 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial; bait: occasionally Ladiges, W. and D. Vogt 1979 Die Süsswasserfische Europas. Paul Parey, Hamburg. 299 p. (Ref. 7322) Ladiges, W. and D. Vogt 1979 Die Süsswasserfische Europas. Paul Parey, Hamburg. 299 p. (Ref. 7322) Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell 1992 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. (Ref. 6258) FB-LifeCycle-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2016-05-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4483&StockCode=4681 Spawns in clear, slow-running or still water, often with a muddy bottom. The presence of nearby freshwater mussels is of vital importance. Female deposits eggs within the valves of the mussel. Male sheds sperm into the inhalent current of the respiring mussel and thereby, fertilizes the eggs. Fry remain in the mussel until protection is not anymore required. Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) FB-TrophicStrategy-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-07 00:00:00 2001-06-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public amarus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves (Unio). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Kottelat, M. 1997 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696) FB-Size-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2016-05-02 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 11.2 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 88166)); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 9696) Verreycken, H., G. Van Thuyne and C. Belpaire 2011 Length-weight relationships of 40 freshwater fish species from two decades of monitoring in Flanders (Belgium). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2011:1-5. (Ref. 88166) Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-21 00:00:00 2016-05-02 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4483 benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range 0 - ? m