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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-4463</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4463</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Eupercaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Gerreidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Gerres</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='or'>Jagili</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Batuan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Malakapas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kotigo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kotikou</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Omoket</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Chaghook-e-reshtehdar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Geres nitkopletwy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Melanúria filamentosa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Sweepvin-plooibek</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Badha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Badha riashy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Bedaha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Hubagah</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Mussalakh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Rayasha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Rayasheh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Tak chanda</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kapas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Latab</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Malagapas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sakalan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga-se-ooh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga-si-ooe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Batwanon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Putihan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Samolok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Filamentous mojarra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Flagfin mojarra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Long-rayed mojarra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Long-rayed silver biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Majorras</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Mojarra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Silver-biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Threadfin pursemouth</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Threadfin silver belly</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Threadfin silverbelly</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Threadfin silverbiddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Threadfin silver-biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin silver biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin silverbelly</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin silverbiddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin Silver-Biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin silver-biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whip fin silver biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin mojarra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whipfin mojorra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Whiptail silver-biddy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Niituim-hõbeahven</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Blanche fil</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gu'>Kotto</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gu'>કોટટી </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Pengarat</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Itohikisagi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Holebaige</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>ಹೋಲೆಬೇಗಿ </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kodianpurachi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Pranjin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>കൊടിയ് ന്പുരചി </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>കൊടിയന് പ്റാഞ്ഞില്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>പ്രാന്ജീന്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>പ്റാഞ്ഞില്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>Charbit</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>चारबीत</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Bansa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Kapas besar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Kapas filamen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Kapas laut</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Kapas-kapas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Kekapas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Lamuruk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sedakang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Senohong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Senolong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Tampok-tampok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mg'>Tsaratsaina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Chaa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>௨டகாம் </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Oodan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Udagam</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>ஊடகம்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>ஊடன்  </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>ஊடான்</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Jaggari</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>జాగ్గరి </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Malakapas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Malabon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Malacapas may lawi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Manabon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Manubon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>Dokmakkradong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='th'>ดอกหมากกระโดง</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá móm</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Móm gai dài</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Mojarra de hebra</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Abat like</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Amolok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Amorok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Batuhanon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Baysa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hamorok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lamurok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Liyemwit</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lumong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Oodaan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Putian</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Putih mata</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Samin-samin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Samok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Taboh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trey doh angkor</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tsarasaina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ulu watu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Uniyamas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Yatab</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Yeegany</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>曳丝钻嘴鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>曳絲鑽嘴魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>碗米仔</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>菲律宾银鲈</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>菲律賓銀鱸</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>連米</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>銀米</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>長棘銀鱸</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>长棘银鲈</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Gerres macracanthus (non Bleeker, 1854)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Gerres philippinus Günther, 1862</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Gerres punctata Cuvier, 1830</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Gerres punctatus Cuvier, 1830</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pertica filamentosa (Cuvier, 1829)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Sparus edentulus Günther, 1859</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-06-20</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-04-16</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=103159&amp;speccode=4463'>Iwatsuki, Y., S.V. Bogorodsky, F. Tanaka, A.O. Mal and A.H. Ali0 Range extension of &lt;i&gt;Gerres infasciatus&lt;/i&gt; (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf, with distributional implications for the &lt;i&gt;G. filamentosus&lt;/i&gt; complex. Cybium 39(2):155-160. (Ref. 103159)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=4463'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=108711&amp;speccode=4463'>Hussain, S.M., R. Paperno and Z. Khatoon0 Length-weight relationships of fishes collected from the Korangi-Phitti Creek area (Indus delta, northern Arabian Sea). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 26:477-480. (Ref. 108711)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9786219536417' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=111386&amp;speccode=4463'>Oceana Philippines International0 Atong Tañon, Atong Ampingan: Fisheries challenges in the Tañon Strait Protected Seascape. Manila: Oceana Philippines, 48 p. http://ph.oceana.org/publications/reports/atong-tanon-atong-ampingan-fisheries-challenges-tanon-strait-protected-seascape. [accessed 27/09/16]. (Ref. 111386)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114805&amp;speccode=4463'>Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115291&amp;speccode=4463'>Adday, T.K.0 Parasitic crustaceans of some marine fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq. Doctor of Philosophy, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, 316p. (Ref. 115291)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115963&amp;speccode=4463'>Wright, J.M., F. Abou-Seedo and D.A. Clayton0 Long therm changes in the fish assemblage of Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait. Kuwait J. Sci. and Eng. 23:1-14. (Ref. 115963)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116550&amp;speccode=4463'>Kurup, B.M. and C.T. Samuel0 Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor in &lt;i&gt;Daysciaena albida&lt;/i&gt; (Cuv.) and &lt;i&gt;Gerres filamentosus&lt;/i&gt; (Cuv.). Fish. Tech. 24(2):88-92. (Ref. 116550)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116875&amp;speccode=4463'>Abu El-Nasr, T.M.A.0 Age and growth of the fish, &lt;i&gt;Gerres filamentosus&lt;/i&gt; (Cuvier, 1829) from Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt. Egypt. J.  Aquat. Res. (Ref. 116875)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117436&amp;speccode=4463'>Lavergne, E., U. Zajonz, F. Krupp, F. Naseeb and M.S. Aideed0 Diversity and composition of estuarine and lagoonal fish assemblages of Socotra Island, Yemen. J. Fish Biol. 88(5):2004-2026. (Ref. 117436)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118625&amp;speccode=4463'>Mutia, M.T.M., M.P. Gardon, C.M. Faminialagao and M.C. Muyot0 Stock assessment of Taal Lake. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Year-End Review and Evaluation. November 8-10, 2017. (Ref. 118625)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118717&amp;speccode=4463'>Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118793&amp;speccode=4463'>Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82.  In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds).  A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119494&amp;speccode=4463'>Wilson, K.D.P.0 Artificial reefs and reef fish in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Friends of the Country Parks &amp; Cosmos Books Ltd., 176p. (Ref. 119494)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119713&amp;speccode=4463'>Leung, A.W.Y.0 Temporal trends in fish abundance and species composition on an open access artificial reef in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong, M.Phil. Thesis, 187p. (Ref. 119713)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122752&amp;speccode=4463'>University of Western Australia0 Benthic  BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125515&amp;speccode=4463'>Nip, T.H.M. and C.K. Wong0 Juvenile fish assemblages in mangrove and non-mangrove soft-shore habitats in eastern Hong Kong. Zool. Stud. 49(6):760-778. (Ref. 125515)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125552&amp;speccode=4463'>Situ, Y.Y. and Y.J. Sadovy0 A preliminary study on local species diversity and seasonal composition in a Hong Kong wet market. Asian Fish. Sci. 17:235-248. (Ref. 125552)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125586&amp;speccode=4463'>Tam, M.C.0 Fish assemblages in fished and protected areas of Tung Ping Chau Marine Park, Hong Kong SAR. Hong Kong: Sha Tin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, MSc Thesis, 308 p. (Ref. 125586)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126271&amp;speccode=4463'>Leung, A.W.Y.0 The epibenthic ichthyofauna of Tolo Harbour and Hong Kong's northeastern waters: a long term record of change. pp. 463-487 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China IV, Proceedings of the Eight International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 2-20 April 1995. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 126271)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127520&amp;speccode=4463'>Ramani Shirantha, R R.A.0 A field guide to the fishes in freshwaters in Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation, Colombo. XV + 502 pp. (Ref. 127520)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129329&amp;speccode=4463'>Cornish, A.S.0 The reef fish species of the Cape D' Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Yan Chau Tong Marine Park and Ping Chau, Hong Kong. pp. 369-382 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V, Proceedings of the Tenth International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 6-26 April 1998. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 129329)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130287&amp;speccode=4463'>Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130860&amp;speccode=4463'>Muto, M., R. Kakioka, M.A. Ghaffar, N.V. Quan, V. Vilasri, R.F.M. Traifalgar, R.P. Babaran, F. Muto, H. Takeshima, H. Motomura and S. Ishikawa0 Fine-scale phylogeography of coastal fishes in the South China Sea: possible roles of biological traits and geography. J. Biogeogr. 48(11):2795-2800. (Ref. 130860)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=4463'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137701&amp;speccode=4463'>Zhao, R., B. Kang, Y. Chen, V.T.T. Lam, Y.H. Yeung, L.W.H. Li, K.M.Y. Leung and M. Yan0 Multifaceted biological indicators reveal an effective conservation scheme for marine protected areas. Ecol. Indic. 166(112389):1-11. (Ref. 137701)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms (Ref. 44894), over sandy substrate (Ref. 12693).  Juveniles are found in brackish mangrove estuaries, sometimes enter fresh water (Ref. 2847, 44894), lakes (Ref. 4323), tidal creeks (Ref. 44894) and lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12915).  Feed on small crustaceans, polychaetes and forams on sand or muddy-sand bottoms (Ref. 12915), worms and insect larvae (Ref. 12693).   Length at first reproduction was reported to be around 12 cm SL,  for a population in a South African estuary (D. Woodland, pers.comm. 07/13).  Salted or made into fish sauce.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3409&amp;speccode=4463'>Woodland, D.J. 1984 Gerreidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3409)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Description: Body depth maximum 2.0-2.5 times in standard length in fish longer than 9 cm standard length, 2.5-3.0 times in standard length in smaller fish (Ref. 4372, 90102). Maxillary reaches beyond level of eye anterior edge (Ref. 48635, 90102). Dorsal fin with 9 spines and 10-11 soft rays; anal fin with 2-3 spines and 7-8 soft rays; second dorsal-fin spine filamentous and very long, 1.7-2.0 times in standard length; pectoral fins reach beyond level of anal fin origin; caudal fin large and forked deeply (Ref. 4372, 4967, 48635, 90102). Scales on lateral line 43-47, and 2-3 scales on caudal fin; 4.5-5.5 scale rows between lateral line and base of 5th dorsal spine (Ref. 4372, 90102).Colouration: Body silvery with 7-10 vertical series of ovoid bluish spots on sides, coalesced as bars in juveniles (Ref. 4372, 90102).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&amp;speccode=4463'>Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Anal spines: 2 - 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 8</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&amp;speccode=4463'>Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar to Japan and Australia; New Caledonia (Ref. 26587) and Vanuatu (Ref. 13300). Enters rivers and lakes in Madagascar and the east coast of Africa. Not in the Middle East (Ref. 103159).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4323&amp;speccode=4463'>Roux, C. 1986 Gerridae. p. 325-326. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4323)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4463</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3399&amp;speccode=4463'>Kühlmorgen-Hille, G. 1974 Gerreidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (fishing area 71). Rome, FAO, Volume 2, pag. var. (Ref. 3399)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-4463</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-06-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-04-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4463</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=4463'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-4463</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-06-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-04-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4463&amp;StockCode=4661</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Juveniles enter estuaries and mangrove areas at 1 cm SL and stay until they reach maturity, at which stage they move out to sea (Ref. 36558).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='0-412-78500-5.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32693&amp;speccode=4463'>Blaber, S.J.M. 1997 Fish and fisheries of tropical estuaries. Fish and Fisheries Ser. 22, Chapman and Hall, London. 367 p. (Ref. 32693)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-4463</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1993-01-14 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2023-12-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>filamentosus</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154).  Primarily marine but enter fresh water (Ref.4967).  Marine species that may enter lakes (Ref. 4323) and lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12915).  Juveniles are found in brackish mangrove estuaries and sometimes enter fresh water (Ref. 2847).  Schooling species (Ref. 75154).  Feed on small crustaceans, polychaetes and forams on sand or muddy-sand bottoms (Ref. 12915).  Inhabits shallow waters.  Tolerance of low salinities enables its presence in estuaries.  Forms small shoals.  Feeds on amphipods, polychaetes, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 9773).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4959&amp;speccode=4463'>Blaber, S.J.M. 1980 Fish of the Trinity Inlet System of North Queensland with notes on the ecology of fish faunas of tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 31:137-146. (Ref. 4959)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-4463</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-06-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-04-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4463</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>39.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 116875)); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 116875)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116875&amp;speccode=4463'>Abu El-Nasr, T.M.A. 2017 Age and growth of the fish, &lt;i&gt;Gerres filamentosus&lt;/i&gt; (Cuvier, 1829) from Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt. Egypt. J.  Aquat. Res. (Ref. 116875)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116875&amp;speccode=4463'>Abu El-Nasr, T.M.A. 2017 Age and growth of the fish, &lt;i&gt;Gerres filamentosus&lt;/i&gt; (Cuvier, 1829) from Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt. Egypt. J.  Aquat. Res. (Ref. 116875)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-4463-426</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2002-10-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4463&amp;StockCode=4661</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Haplorchis Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=4463'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-4463-394</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2002-10-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4463&amp;StockCode=4661</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Heterophyopsis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=4463'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-4463-395</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4463&amp;StockCode=4661</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Procerovum Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=4463'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-4463-447</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2002-10-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4463&amp;StockCode=4661</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Stictodora Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=4463'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-4463</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-06-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4463</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 4372)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=4463'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4372&amp;speccode=4463'>Woodland, D.J. 1986 Gerreidae. p. 608-609. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4372)</reference></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>