FB-4460 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) Lapu-lapu Meteungerel'temekai Remochel Temekai Garoupa manchada Gevlekte klipkabeljou Hamour Haoor Kushar Baraka Ugapo Pugapo Marmoreret koralbars Stierkopf-Zackenbarsch Black rock-cod Black-spotted grouper Black-tipped cod Blotch grouper Blotchy grouper Blotchy rockcod Brownmarbled grouper Brown-marbled grouper Carpet cod Flower cod Flowery cod Flowery rockcod Marble grouper Tiger grouper Sõnnpea-kivikoha Delabulewa Kawakawa votoqa Mérou marbré Mérou marion Mérou marron Négre Vieille crabbe Vieille machatta Lokos Inid Aka-madarahata Kiro Kuro Chammam കലവ ചമ്മം ചാമ്മാം Kerapu Kerapu bebeh Kerapu harimau Kerapu hitam Kerapu macan Kertang Gatala-aloalo Caalo Atara Garopa Garupa Kigting Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Cá Mú hoa nâu Mero manchado Ali Bulang Bwanayan Fana Garopa toke Kiapu tiger Kiapu tongal Kugtong Kulapo Kulapu bagahak Kurapu Lapu Maleog Mankovava Mantis Nefu Okke Pugnon Saukoton Te maneku Tingag Tséhélé Tukula Veya Vieille grabe Vieille loutre 棕点石斑鱼 棕点石斑鱼(老虎斑) 棕點石斑魚 石斑 老虎斑 过鱼 鲙 Ephinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) Epinephelus fuscogutatus (Forsskål, 1775) Epinephelus fuscuguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) Epinephelus lutra (Valenciennes, 1832) Epinephelus summana (Fabricius, 1775) Perca summana fuscoguttata Forsskål, 1775 Serranus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) Serranus horridus Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus lutra Valenciennes, 1832 Serranus taeniocheirus Valenciennes, 1830 1991-06-20 2024-08-12 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 138103) FB-pic-4460-7320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-01-13 1996-04-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfus_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epfus_u1.gif FB-pic-4460-9541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2000-11-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfus_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfus_j0.jpg FB-pic-4460-9542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2019-02-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfus_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfus_u0.jpg FB-pic-4460-9543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2019-02-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size mangrove area; March, 1990 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfus_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epfus_u3.jpg FB-pic-4460-10560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epfus_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epfus_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in lagoon pinnacles, channels, and outer reef slopes, in coral-rich (Ref. 1937) areas and with clear waters. Juveniles in seagrass beds (Ref. 30573, 41878). Feeds on fishes, crabs, and cephalopods. May be ciguatoxic in some areas (Ref. 1602). Mainly active at dusk (Ref. 48635). Palau fishers increase their drop-line and spear-gun catches through knowledge of reproductive cycle of remochel, one of most important species in the area (Ref. 2928). Cultured under experimental conditions in the Philippines; a candidate for aquaculture in Singapore. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, and spear and occasionally seen in local markets (Ref. 39231). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2019-02-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, its depth 2.6-2.9 in SL (for specimens 11-55 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; interorbital area flat or slightly concave; dorsal head profile of adults indented at eyes and distinctly convex from there to dorsal-fin origin; rounded preopercle, finely serrate; upper edge of operculum distinctly convex, descending almost vertically to rear end of operculum; ventral edge of preorbital bone indented below nostrils; maxilla extends well posterior to eye; midlateral part of lower jaw with 3 or 4 rows of teeth; posterior nostrils triangular, 4-7 times larger than anteriors in adults; gill rakers on first gill arch 10-12 + 17-21 (rudiments often difficult to count), gill rakers short and stout, raker at angle subequal to longest gill filaments, other rakers distinctly shorter; cycloid scales except ctenoid in juvenile; body with auxiliary scales; caudal fin rounded; pectoral-fin rays 18-20; lateral-line scales 52 to 58. Colour: pale yellowish brown, with 5 vertical series of dark brown blotches that are very irregular in outline; head, body, and fins covered with close-set small brown spots, those on the dark blotches much darker than spots in between blotches; caudal peduncle with small black saddle dorsally; 2 or 3 faint, dark bars at side of jaws (Ref. 39231, 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2019-02-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2022-11-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and the Phoenix Islands, north to Japan, south to Australia. Unknown from the Persian Gulf, Hawaii, and French Polynesia. Often confused with Epinephelus polyphekadion (=Epinephelus microdon of recent authors). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Quinitio, G.F. and J.D. Toledo 1991 Mariculture techniques for <i>Epinephelus</i> sp. in the Philippines. p. 94-106. In R. Guerrero III and M.P. Garcia, Jr. (eds.) Advances in finfish and shellfish aquaculture. Proc. of the First Philippine and French Technical Workshop on Advances in Finfish and Shellfish Aquaculture. Oct. 24-26, 1990, Los Baños, Laguna, Ph. (Ref. 4757) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Jonklaas, R. 1975 Collecting marine tropicals. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, USA. 224 p. (Ref. 10361) FB-TrophicStrategy-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-08-29 00:00:00 2008-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public fuscoguttatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Palomares, M.L.D. 1987 Comparative studies on the food consumption of marine fishes with emphasis on species occurring in the Philippines. Masters Thesis, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Q.C., Philippines, 107 p. (Ref. 4616) FB-Size-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 120 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2114)); max. published weight: 11.0 kg (Ref. 5222); max. reported age: 40 years (Ref. 74383) Chan, W., D. Carlsson and N. Loharkan 1974 Serranidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2114) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Pears, R.J., J.H. Choat, B.D. Mapstone and G.A. Begg 2006 Demography of a large grouper, <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>, from Australia's Great Barrier Reef: implications for fishery management. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 307:259-272. (Ref. 74383) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4460-4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-04-14 00:00:00 2004-04-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4460&StockCode=4658 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Cauliflower Disease. Viral diseases Oseko, N., V. Palanisamy, B.C. Kua and T.T. Chua 2002 Occurrence of lymphocystis disease in cultured tiger grouper <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i> in Malaysia. p. 213-217. In C.R. Lavilla-Pitogo and E.R. Cruz-Lacierda (eds.) Diseases in Asian Aquaculture IV. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila Philippines. (Ref. 48827) FB-Diseases-4460-1232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-04-15 00:00:00 2004-04-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4460&StockCode=4658 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Fish Leech Infestation (Hirudinea sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Koesharyani, I., D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, [N.] Zafran and K. Yuasa 2001 Manual for fish disease diagnosis: Marine fish and crustacean diseases in Indonesia. Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Indonesia. 57 p. (Ref. 48690) FB-Diseases-4460-43 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-04-23 00:00:00 2004-04-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4460&StockCode=4658 Gas-bubble Disease (e.). Others Koesharyani, I., D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, [N.] Zafran and K. Yuasa 2001 Manual for fish disease diagnosis: Marine fish and crustacean diseases in Indonesia. Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Indonesia. 57 p. (Ref. 48690) FB-Diseases-4460-925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-04-19 00:00:00 2004-04-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4460&StockCode=4658 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Vibriosis Disease (general). Bacterial diseases Koesharyani, I., D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, [N.] Zafran and K. Yuasa 2001 Manual for fish disease diagnosis: Marine fish and crustacean diseases in Indonesia. Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Indonesia. 57 p. (Ref. 48690) FB-Habitat-4460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4460 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 60 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)