FB-4451 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Leiognathidae Leiognathus Leiognathus equula (Forsskål, 1775) Tanka-chandee Sap-sap betsang Keyam Panjzari-e-bozorg Mydliczek ekwula Patana comum Slymvis Rayasha 'aridha Tak chanda Barurog Dalupani Lawayan Mutomot Pirak-pirak Nga-dingar Nga-waing Dalupane Palotpot Cajao Almindelig ponyfisk Common ponyfish Common slipmouth Greater ponyfish Narrowbanded ponyfish Narrow-banded ponyfish Orange fin pony fish Pony fish Ponyfish Shortnose pony Slimy Slimy soapy Slipmouth Soapy Tooth-pony Hobu-hõbekõht Cebe Kaikai Chap-chap Sapsap commun Sap-sap Daguldolan Dodok Seitaka-hiiragi ಕುರಿಚಿ  ಗುರುಕು  മുള്ളന് Gedabang Kedabang Kekek Kekek gedabang Kekek jalur Kikeh Kikek Peperek topang Pepetek Pulot-pulot (Bajau) Sekiki Mumu Sooro-koo-nam-kare Soorokoo-nam-kare காரல்   காரை  காரைபொடீ  காளீக்காரல்  சுடுப்புனம்  காரல்  சுருக்கனாம் காரே  சொரக்கநம் காரை நாமாகாரல்  కారా  Bakagan Dalupani Hiwas Huwaling I-im Laway Lawayan Lawihan Malaway Sapsap Sap-sap Tabiros Taksay Tambong Yapyap Paenyak แป้นยักษ์ Cá Liệt lớn Motambo común Anketraketra Asurini Badyang Bakayan Bebete Betebete Bete-bete debe door Civar Dagoldalan Danutan Dexena Gumabek Hotu panna Kalama Kapotol Ketraketra Kokoko Ladintavia Lalakasen Lawayakan Laway-laway Lumoan Lumo-an Maladia Malaway Mas karalla Mawalay Nepis-nepis Palangan Paluput Palutput Parutpot Parutput Pa-ut-put Sapsap Sap-sap Sipesipa Talibukno Talibuno Tambon Tariptip Trey sambow hear Usub 小馬鰏 小马鲾 狗腰 短棘鰏 短棘鲾 金钱仔 Equula caballa Valenciennes, 1835 Equula edentula (Bloch, 1795) Equula ensifera Cuvier, 1829 Equula totta Cuvier, 1829 Leiognathus argenteus Lacepède, 1802 Leiognathus edentulus (Bloch, 1795) Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål, 1775) Leiognathus obscura Seale, 1901 Scomber edentulus Bloch, 1795 Scomber equula Forsskål, 1775 1991-06-19 2020-12-05 Fischer, W. and G. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4451-11751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-08-16 1998-09-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Leequ_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Leequ_u1.gif FB-pic-4451-22931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-15 2021-02-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Leequ_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Leequ_u1.jpg Locality: Batu Nampar, Lombok, Indonesia. FB-GeneralDescr-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-19 00:00:00 2020-12-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found in river mouths and muddy inshore areas (Ref. 2847, 37816), often in mangrove areas (Ref. 48635). Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms, usually between depths of 10-70 meters. Juveniles are commonly found in mangrove estuaries and tidal creeks, sometimes entering the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). Adults move in schools. Frequently ascend into freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12693). Active by day (Ref. 12693). Feed on polychaetes, small crustaceans, small fishes (Ref. 30573) and worms (Ref. 12693). Important food fish in the tropics (Ref. 4376). Caught near the bottom with bottom trawls, set nets, push nets, dip nets, and beach seines. In Indian waters, schools near the surface during April-May when caught with drift gill nets. Larger specimens sorted for human consumption and marketed fresh or dried-salted, but surplus fish used to feed ducks, converted to fishmeal, or discarded (Ref. 47581). James, P.S.B.R. 1984 Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-05 00:00:00 2019-01-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 This species is distinguished by the following characters: body very deep, compressed, with a strongly humped back; body depth 1.7-1.9 times in standard length; mouth pointing downward when protracted; gill rakers short and fleshy, less than 1/2 length of corresponding gill lamellae, total gill rakers on first gill arch 18-22; head and breast scaleless; tubed scales on lateral line 61-66. Colour of adults, back greyish, belly silvery and many parallel close-set faint bars on back; usually a dark brown saddle on caudal peduncle; axil of pectoral fins grey to black; margin of soft dorsal fin black; both caudal-fin lobes with broad dusky margins; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins colourless to yellowish. In juveniles (5-7 cm TL), thin, closely arranged, grey vertical lines descending from back to about midheight; membrane between anal-fin spines conspicuously yellow; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes pale yellow and dusky; other fins hyaline; snout dotted black (Ref. 47581). Woodland, D.J., S. Premcharoen and A.S. Cabanban 2001 Leiognathidae. Slipmouths (ponyfishes). p. 2792-2823. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 47581) FB-Morphology-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-05-05 00:00:00 2019-01-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 14 - 15 Woodland, D.J., S. Premcharoen and A.S. Cabanban 2001 Leiognathidae. Slipmouths (ponyfishes). p. 2792-2823. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 47581) FB-Distribution-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-06-19 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa (including Reunion, Comoros, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius) to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. James, P.S.B.R. 1984 Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424) FB-Uses-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-19 00:00:00 2020-12-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus James, P.S.B.R. 1984 Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424) Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang 2001 Techniques in finfish larviculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture 200(2001):1-31. (Ref. 40297) FB-Migration-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-19 00:00:00 2020-12-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692). FB-TrophicStrategy-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-01-14 00:00:00 2025-05-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public equula http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Found in river mouths and muddy inshore areas. Sometimes enters freshwater (Ref. 2847). Between February and May, adult less abundant in the estuary (Ref. 4959). Feeds on zooplankton and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 11889). Demersal (Ref. 137525). Blaber, S.J.M. 1980 Fish of the Trinity Inlet System of North Queensland with notes on the ecology of fish faunas of tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 31:137-146. (Ref. 4959) FB-Size-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-06-19 00:00:00 2020-12-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 28.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-06-19 00:00:00 2020-12-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4451 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size demersal; amphidromous; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 110 m (Ref. 12260) Pauly, D., A. Cabanban and F.S.B. Torres Jr. 1996 Fishery biology of 40 trawl-caught teleosts of western Indonesia. p. 135-216. In D. Pauly and P. Martosubroto (eds.) Baseline studies of biodiversity:the fish resource of western Indonesia. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 23. (Ref. 12260)