FB-4306 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Acanthuridae Acanthurus Acanthurus achilles Shaw, 1803 Akilles' kirurgfisk Achilles tang Redtail surgeonfish Redspot surgeonfish Achilleuse kirurgkala Achilleus-kirurgkala Chirurgien à tache rouge Chiurgien d'Achille Pāku'iku'i Bir Kinbo Kolala Kolama Maikolama Pone-i'umumu Meha Tiamu Indangan Labahita Cirujano Cirujano encendido Navajón de Aguiles Bakwak Hugupau Mar-re-fasch Mokura Mungit Pakurakura Pone Sovahan 心斑刺尾魚 心斑刺尾鱼 Acanthurus achillas Shaw, 1803 Acanthurus aterrimus Günther, 1872 Hepatus achilles (Shaw, 1803) Hepatus aterrimus (Günther, 1872) Teuthis achilles (Shaw, 1803) Teuthis aterrimus (Günther, 1872) 1991-05-22 2023-07-25 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg0 Ecological relationships of the fish fauna on coral reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecol. Monogr. 30(1):65-127. (Ref. 275) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Rau, N. and A. Rau0 Commercial marine fishes of the Central Philippines (bony fish). German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Germany. 623 pp. (Ref. 393) Jordan, D.S. and A. Seale0 The fishes of Samoa: description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check list of the fishes of Oceania. Bull. Bur. Fish. 25:173-455. (Ref. 412) Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592) Fowler, H.W.0 The fishes of Oceania. Supplement 3. Mem. B.P. Bishop Mus. 12(2):(1-152), 37-186. (Ref. 1562) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Randall, J.E.0 A revision of the surgeonfish genus <i>Acanthurus</i>. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref. 1920) Günther, A.C.0 Andrew Garrett's fische der Südsee, beschrieben und redigirt von A.C.L.G. Günther. J. Mus. Godeffroy 2(3):128. (Ref. 1937) Jordan, D.S. and B.W. Evermann0 The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Part I. The shore fishes. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 23(1):574 p. (Ref. 1943) Shaw, G.0 General zoology or systematic natural history...Pisces. G. Kearsley, London. Volume 4 (pt 2):187-632. (Ref. 2006) Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857) Dalzell, P., S.R. Lindsay and H. Patiale0 Fisheries resources survey of the Island of Niue. Tech. Doc. Inshore Fish. Res. Proj. S. Pac. Comm 3. A report prepared in conjunction with the South Pacific Commission Inshore Fisheries Research Project, and the FAO South Pacific Aquaculture Development Project for the Government of Niue, July 1990. (Ref. 3804) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Halstead, B.W., P.S. Auerbach and D.R. Campbell0 A colour atlas of dangerous marine animals. Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd, W.S. Cowell Ltd, Ipswich, England. 192 p. (Ref. 4690) Bagnis, R., P. Mazellier, J. 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Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9267) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Randall, J.E.0 Acanthuridae. Surgeonfishes (tangs, unicornfishes). p. 3653-3683. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9808) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Bartsch, A.0 Common fishes of the Marshall Islands and adjacent Pacific areas. Undated typed manuscript. (Ref. 12351) Goo, F.C.C. and A.H. Banner0 A preliminary compilation of Tuamotuan animal and plant names. Hawaii Marine Laboratory, Honolulu. Unpublished MS. (Ref. 12415) Randall, J.E.0 Tahitian fish names and a preliminary checklist of the fishes of the Society Islands. Occas. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 24(11):167-214. (Ref. 13767) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius0 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Abo, T., B. Bender, A. Capelle and T. DeBrum0 Marshallese English Dictionary. Pail Language Texts. Micronesia. (Ref. 28989) Pauly, D., R. Froese and J.S. Albert0 The BRAINS table. p. 195-198. In R. Froese and D. Pauly (eds.) FishBase 98: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM, Manila, Philippines. 298 p. (Ref. 30504) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) McCormack, G.0 Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. 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Mann0 Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 502. (Ref. 53797) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) To be filled0 Tubbataha List (Electronic file). Angelique Songco (pers.comm). (Ref. 57038) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Ono, R. and D.J. Addison0 Ethnoecology and Tokelauan fishing lore from Atafu Atoll, Tokelau. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin 26: 3-22. (Ref. 87813) Irving, R.A., J.J. Jamieson and J.E. Randall0 Initial checklist of fishes from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56:329-338. (Ref. 87915) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre0 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) Koror Republic of Palau.0 The Rock Islands Southern Lagoon. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCkQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaupanfund.org%2Fpdf%2Fmanagementplan%2Fkoror%2FRock%2520Islands%2520Southern%2520Lagoon%2520Area%2520Management%2520Plan%25202012-2016%2520latest%2520July%252018.pdf&ei=HKOcVZ6LMNjr8AXEuKzwCA&usg=AFQjCNFN07tAwxC1s67J47zoXSQImcfNmg&sig2=z7WLKekW7DHqs_11pn39ZA&bvm=bv.96952980,d.dGc [Accessed 08/07/2015]. (Ref. 103126) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala0 The real bounty: marine biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100142. (Ref. 121505) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4306-4781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-07-03 2012-03-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acach_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Acach_u0.gif FB-pic-4306-9662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-05 2000-11-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acach_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acach_u0.jpg FB-pic-4306-12162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-10-25 2008-08-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acach_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Acach_u1.jpg FB-pic-4306-37216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2003-04-09 2005-07-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acach_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Acach_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-22 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Adults occur in clear seaward reefs, usually in groups (Ref. 9710). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). They feed on filamentous and small fleshy algae (Ref. 9267). Monogamous (Ref. 52884). Spine in caudal peduncle may be venomous. Size of metamorphosis from postlarva stage to juvenile is 6 cm (Ref. 9267). This species sometimes hybridizes with A. nigricans (Ref. 9808). Randall, J.E. 1956 A revision of the surgeonfish genus <i>Acanthurus</i>. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref. 1920) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-05-22 00:00:00 1994-09-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dark brown, nearly black in color. Erectile spine (sharp and forward-pointing) on each side of caudal peduncle which folds down into a groove. Mouth small, snout noticeably extended. Light blue ring around chin and presence of spot of same color on gill cover at angle of gill opening. Dorsal fin with soft part having longer base than spinous part. Juveniles lack the large orange spot on caudal area. Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Morphology-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1991-05-22 00:00:00 1994-09-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29 - 33; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 26 - 29 Myers, R.F. 1991 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) FB-Distribution-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-22 00:00:00 2023-07-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 Western Pacific: oceanic islands of Oceania to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands. Also known from Wake, Marcus, and Mariana islands. Eastern Central Pacific: southern tip of Baja California, Mexico (Ref. 9267) and other offshore islands. Randall, J.E. 2001 Surgeonfishes of Hawai'i and the world.. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Hawai'i. 123 p. (Ref. 37792) FB-Uses-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-22 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Titcomb, M. 1972 Native use of fish in Hawaii. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 175 p. (Ref. 7364) Miyasaka, A. 1993 A database on scientific and common names of fishes exported from Hawaii. The information was derived from the above mentioned database. A printout of the names is also available from the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Ref. 5358) FB-LifeCycle-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-22 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4306&StockCode=4501 Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-22 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 24.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4306-185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-15 00:00:00 2003-09-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4306&StockCode=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Columnaris Disease (e.). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2000 Diseases in marine aquarium fish: causes, development, symptoms, treatment. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 96 p. Second edition. (Ref. 41806) FB-Diseases-4306-360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-15 00:00:00 2003-09-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4306&StockCode=4501 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Hole-in-the-Head Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2000 Diseases in marine aquarium fish: causes, development, symptoms, treatment. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 96 p. Second edition. (Ref. 41806) FB-Habitat-4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-22 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4306 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref. 27115), usually 0 - 4 m (Ref. 9710) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Baensch, H.A. and H. Debelius 1997 SF457.1 .B3513 1994 Mergus Verlag GmbH, Postfach 86, 49302, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. 3rd edition. (Ref. 27115) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)