FB-4285 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Tetraodontiformes Balistidae Xanthichthys Xanthichthys ringens (Linnaeus, 1758) Rogatnica sargasowa Cangulo rei Cangulo-mirim Gatilho-preto Sargasso-aftrækkerfisk Sargasso-Drückerfisch Sargassum triggerfish Sargassum Triggerfish Sargassum triggerfish Turbot Pakoy Papakol Cocuyo Parra Peje puerco Puerco Puerquito Varraco Bus wada Pakol Pugot 大西洋凹紋鱗魨 大西洋凹纹鳞鲀 大西洋黃鱗魨 大西洋黄鳞鲀 Balistes cicatricosus Poey, 1860 Balistes curassavicus Gmelin, 1789 Balistes elongatus Hollard, 1854 Balistes heckeli Müller, 1865 Balistes heckelii Müller, 1865 Balistes nitidus Gronow, 1854 Balistes notatus Gronow, 1854 Balistes ringens Linnaeus, 1758 1991-05-02 2005-06-24 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. 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Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4285-2541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Xarin_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Xarin_u1.jpg FB-pic-4285-51496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2009-08-06 2009-08-06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Xarin_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Xarin_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2005-06-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits seaward reef slopes, usually well below 30 m, where in some places they are among the most common fish. Young live among floating Sargassum. Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on crabs and sea urchins. Spawns in deep water (Ref. 9710). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-04-06 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Three prominent diagonal grooves running from below and behind mouth nearly to gill opening; light brownish gray with rows of dark brown spots on body; grooves on head dark brown; caudal fin pale with orange-red upper and lower borders and a large orange-red crescent posteriorly (Ref. 13442). Randall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442) FB-Morphology-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-04-06 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26 - 29; Analsoft rays: 23 - 27 Randall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442) FB-Distribution-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2021-06-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Western Atlantic: from South Carolina (USA), through Gulf of Mexico to Lesser Antilles. Matsuura, K. 2015 Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyol. Res. 62(1):72-113. (Ref. 97685) FB-Uses-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2005-06-24 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Coupal, L., E. Bédard, C. Peguero and I.S. Durante 1992 Repertorio ictionímici de la República Dominicana. Fáscículo I : Acanthuridae - Carangidae. LIRD. (Ref. 26235) Sadovy, Y. 1992 A preliminary assessment of the marine aquarium export trade in Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam, Vol. 2, p. 1014-1021. (Ref. 12090) FB-TrophicStrategy-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-10-27 00:00:00 2007-05-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public ringens http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Aggregates in the water column during the day to feed on plankton. At night, it seeks shelter in reef crevices where it stays until morning (Ref. 13550). Inhabits seaward reef slopes, usually well below 30 m, where in some places they are among the most common fish. Young live among floating Sargassum. Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on crabs and sea urchins. Hobson, E.S. 1974 Feeding relationships of teleostean fishes on coral reefs in Kona, Hawaii. Fish. Bull. 72(4):915-1031. (Ref. 13550) FB-Size-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2005-06-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2005-06-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4285 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription reef-associated; marine; depth range 25 - 80 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)