FB-4249 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Pleuronectidae Platichthys Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787) Gwódzica Solha-estrelada-do-Pacífico Stjerneflynder Sternflunder Emerywheel Flounder Grindstone Long-jaw flounder Starry flounder Tähtlest Flet étoilé Plie du Pacifique Xaadlin Ikkahnalook Ipkelnokto Ipkuknaluk Nadalna Nataaznak Nataktook Natanak Natangnok Natarnak Natarnaq Numagarei ヌマガレイ 강도다리 Tikhookeanskaya rechnaya kambala Zvezchataya kambala Zvezdchataya kambala Zvyozdchataya kambala камбала звездчатая Kbidaxs Xbidaxs Ggagtuliq nataagnaq P'ewi Ur'auk 星斑川鰈 星斑川鲽 Platichthys rugosus Girard, 1854 Platichthys stellatus stellatus (Pallas, 1787) Pleuronectes stellatus Pallas, 1787 1991-05-02 2022-12-15 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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(Ref. 127808) FB-GeneralDescr-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found inshore, often in very shallow water and in estuaries during the summer; moving into deeper water in the winter (Ref. 27547). However, they may occur in deep water throughout the year (Ref. 27547). They do not venture into water of high salinities (Ref. 28899). Young and adults move up rivers, as much as 120 km (Ref. 27547). Benthic (Ref. 58426). They feed on crustaceans, worms, small mollusks, brittle stars, and small fishes (Ref. 6885). Important game fish (Ref. 2850). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe 2018 Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-04-12 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Distinguished by the presence of both eyes on the same side of the head, dorsal and anal fins that are marked with dark and light (white to orange) bars, and especially, by the stellate, bony tubercles scattered over its body (Ref. 27547). Dorsal originates over middle of upper eye; anal with a sharp, forward pointing spine (often buried in skin) before first ray; pectorals are bluntly pointed; caudal slightly rounded (Ref. 27547). Eyed side dark brown to nearly black, sometimes with indefinite blotchings (Alaskans specimens sometimes with a greenish tinge); blind side white to creamy; dorsal fin with 4 to 7 dark bars with white to orange spaces between; anal fin with 4 to 6 such bars; caudal fin with 3 or 4 dark longitudinal bars on its posterior part; in rare cases, the blind side may be partly or completely colored like the eyed side, or white may be present on the eyed side, creating a piebald effect (Ref. 27547, 28897, 28898). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Morphology-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-04-12 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 52 - 66; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 38 - 47; Vertebrae: 34 - 37 Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Distribution-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Northern Pacific, from the Yellow Sea along coasts of Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, and Japanese Arch. to the Arctic, including Chukchi and Beaufort seas, extending to the south through the Bering Sea to California. Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe 2018 Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998) FB-Uses-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Migration-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4249&StockCode=4445 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Onset of metamorphosis occurs at 10.5 mm. First settlement of young is in shallow silty-sandy substrates, usually in estuaries (Ref. 117245). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-20 00:00:00 2007-07-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public stellatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Euryhaline, can exist in freshwater lagoons and river mouths, sometimes moving very far upstream. Occurs mainly in the upper sublittoral zone (Ref. 9013). Found inshore, often in very shallow water and in estuaries during the summer; moving into deeper water in the winter (Ref. 27547). However, they may occur in deep water throughout the year (Ref. 27547). Does not venture into water of high salinities (Ref. 28899). Young and adults move up rivers, as much as 120 km (Ref. 27547). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, worms, small mollusks, brittle stars, and small fishes (Ref. 6885). Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov 1994 Feeding of the starry flounder, <i>Platichthys stellatus</i>, in the Bol'shaya River estuary (western Kamchatka). J. Ichthyol. 34(1):76-83. (Ref. 9013) FB-Size-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 91.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)); max. published weight: 9,100 g (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 42 years (Ref. 117245) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2018 Marine fishes of Arctic Canada. Toronto (ON, Canada): University of Toronto Press. xiii+618 p. (Ref. 117245) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4249 demersal; catadromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 375 m (Ref. 6793) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith 1988 Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p. (Ref. 6793)