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	<dc:identifier>FB-4120</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4120</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Perciformes/Cottoidei</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cottidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Myoxocephalus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus (Mitchill, 1814)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Amerikansk ulk</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>18-spined sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bullhead</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Cabezon</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Goat sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Gray sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Guffy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Longhorn sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Long-spined sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Muddler</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Pig-fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Plug eye</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Rubbish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scolping</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scopin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scopy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scully</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scummy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scumpy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sea raven</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Chaboisseau à dix-huit épines</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hl'aama</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>K'ayeet</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>多刺床杜父魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>多刺床杜父鱼</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cottus octodecemspinosus Mitchill, 1814</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosis (Mitchill, 1814)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus (Mitchill, 1814)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-03-29</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=68&amp;speccode=4120'>Fahay, M.0 Guide to the early stages of marine fishes occuring in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Cape Hatteras to the Southern Scotian Shelf. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 4:1-423. (Ref. 68)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=4120'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=312&amp;speccode=4120'>Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=869&amp;speccode=4120'>Morrow, J.0 The biology of the longhorn sculpin, &lt;i&gt;Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus&lt;/i&gt; Mitchill, with a discussion of the Southern New England 'trash' fishery. Bull. Bingham Ocean. Coll. 13(2):89 p. (Ref. 869)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2120&amp;speccode=4120'>Thurston, R.V. and P.C. Gehrke0 Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. p. 95-108. In R.C. Russo &amp; R.V. Thurston (eds.) Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, California, USA, September 18-19, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157. (Ref. 2120)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=4120'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132183&amp;speccode=4120'>Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=4120'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Commonly found in harbors and shallow coastal waters.  Move to deeper water in winter.  Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075).  Benthic; feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, sea squirts, squids and fishes (herring, mackerel, smelt, sand lance and silversides (Ref. 5951)) (Ref. 58426).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4120'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Northwest Atlantic:  eastern Newfoundland and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to Virginia in USA.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4120'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4120&amp;StockCode=4316</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34819&amp;speccode=4120'>Munehara, H. 1992 Utilization of polychaete tubes as spawning substrate by the sea raven &lt;i&gt;Hemitripterus villosus&lt;/i&gt; (Scorpaeniformes). Environ. Biol. Fishes 33(4):395-398. (Ref. 34819)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-4120</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-06-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2014-02-21 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>octodecemspinosus</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Commonly found in harbors and shallow coastal waters.  Move to deeper water in winter.  Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075).  Benthic.  Feeds on crustaceans, zooplankton, zoobenthos, molluscs, sea squirts, squids and fishes (Ref. 13548, 58426).  Parasites of the species include 6 protozoans, 3 myxosporidians, 2 nematodes and 4 hirudineans (Ref. 5951).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13548&amp;speccode=4120'>Laroche, J.L. 1982 Trophic patterns among larvae of five species of sculpins (Family: Cottidae) in a Maine estuary. Fish. Bull. 80(4):827-840. (Ref. 13548)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-4120</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-03-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4120</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>46.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 72462)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4120'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=72462&amp;speccode=4120'>Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer 1962 Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Ref. 72462)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-4120</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-03-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4120</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 190 m (Ref. 27549)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='1-56098-638-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27549&amp;speccode=4120'>Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick 1997 Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London. 324 p. (Ref. 27549)</reference></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>