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	<dc:identifier>FB-4117</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4117</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Perciformes/Cottoidei</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cottidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Myoxocephalus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Mitchill, 1814)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Kleiner Seeskorpion</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Grubby</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Little sculpin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Chaboisseau bronzé</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Crapaud de mer nain</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>бычок четырехрогий</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>керчак малый</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>銅色床杜父魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>铜色床杜父鱼</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cottus aenaeus Mitchill, 1814</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Myoxocephalus aenaeas (Mitchill, 1814)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-09-14</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=63&amp;speccode=4117'>ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=68&amp;speccode=4117'>Fahay, M.0 Guide to the early stages of marine fishes occuring in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Cape Hatteras to the Southern Scotian Shelf. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 4:1-423. (Ref. 68)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=4117'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=557&amp;speccode=4117'>Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH &amp; Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=4117'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4926&amp;speccode=4117'>Leim, A.H. and W.B. Scott0 Fishes of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. (155):485 p. (Ref. 4926)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5951&amp;speccode=4117'>Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott0 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4117'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12204&amp;speccode=4117'>Coad, B.W.0 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=4117'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13548&amp;speccode=4117'>Laroche, J.L.0 Trophic patterns among larvae of five species of sculpins (Family: Cottidae) in a Maine estuary. Fish. Bull. 80(4):827-840. (Ref. 13548)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=4117'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=4117'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33762&amp;speccode=4117'>Lazzari, M.A., K.W. Able and M.P. Fahay0 Life history and food habits of the grubby, &lt;i&gt;Myoxocephalus aeneus&lt;/i&gt; (Cotttidae), in a Cape Cod Estuary. Copeia 1989(1):7-12. (Ref. 33762)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38102&amp;speccode=4117'>Moring, J.R.0 Seasonal absence of fishes in tidepools of a boreal environment (Maine, USA). Hydrobiologia 194(2):163-168. (Ref. 38102)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39299&amp;speccode=4117'>Lazzari, M.A.0 Dynamics of larval fish abundance in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Fish. Bull. 99(1):81-93. (Ref. 39299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=4117'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48321&amp;speccode=4117'>Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=4117'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=4117'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58426&amp;speccode=4117'>Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist0 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1930665601' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86779&amp;speccode=4117'>Collette, B.B. and G. Klein-MacPhee (eds.)0 Bigelow and Schroeder’s fishes of the Gulf of Maine, third ed. Caldwell, N.J. : Blackburn Press, 577 p.: ill.; 27 cm. (Ref. 86779)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101741&amp;speccode=4117'>Ambrose, D.A.0 Cottidae. Sculpins. p. 821-839. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505p. (Ref. 101741)</reference>
	<reference isbn='987-1-4426-4710-7' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117245&amp;speccode=4117'>Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist0 Marine fishes of Arctic Canada. Toronto (ON, Canada): University of Toronto Press. xiii+618 p. (Ref. 117245)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132183&amp;speccode=4117'>Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=4117'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-09-14 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in estuaries (especially in the north) (Ref. 7251) to 357 m depth (Ref. 58426).  It is tolerant of temperatures between 0 and 21°C (Ref. 58426).  Abundant among beds of eelgrass (Zostera) (Ref. 5951).  Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (alewives, cunner, eels, saand lance, mummichogs, silversides, sticklebacks and tomcod (Ref. 5951)) (Ref. 58426).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4117'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-4117</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-02 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Northwest Atlantic:  Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to New Jersey in USA.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4117'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Oviparous (Ref. 101741).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101741&amp;speccode=4117'>Ambrose, D.A. 1996 Cottidae. Sculpins. p. 821-839. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505p. (Ref. 101741)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-4117</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-06-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2007-07-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>aenaeus</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Occurs in estuaries (especially in the north) (Ref. 7251) to 357 m depth (Ref. 58426).  It is tolerant of temperatures between 0 and 21°C.  Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (Ref. 58426). The larvae feed on zooplankton and zoobenthos (Ref. 13548).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13548&amp;speccode=4117'>Laroche, J.L. 1982 Trophic patterns among larvae of five species of sculpins (Family: Cottidae) in a Maine estuary. Fish. Bull. 80(4):827-840. (Ref. 13548)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-4117</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4117</dc:source>
	<dc:description>18.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=4117'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-4117</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 357 m (Ref. 58426)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58426&amp;speccode=4117'>Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2004 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426)</reference></dataObject>
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