FB-3976 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei Sebastidae Sebastes Sebastes levis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) Cow rockfish Cowcod Rocote vaquilla 光滑平鮋 光滑平鲉 Sebastichthys levis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 1991-05-01 2024-05-10 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg0 Marine food and game fishes of California. University of California Press, USA. 179 p. (Ref. 4563) Leonarz, W.H. and T.W. Echeverria0 Sexual dimorphism in <i>Sebastes</i>. Environ. Biol. Fishes 30(1-2):71-80. (Ref. 5488) Anonymous0 U. S. GLOBEC - Global ocean ecosystems dynamics, a component of the U. S. Global Change Research Program. Eastern Boundary Current Program-A Science Plan for the California Current, Rep. No. 11, August. (Ref. 9015) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. 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(Ref. 38732) Cailliet, G.M., A.H. Andrews, E.J. Burton, D.L. Watters, D.E. Kline and L.A. Ferry-Graham0 Age determination and validation studies of marine fishes: do deep-dwellers live longer?. Exp. Geront. 36:739-764. (Ref. 39247) Butler, J.L., L.D. Jacobson, J.T. Barnes, H.G. Moser and R. Collins0 Stock assessment of cowcod. In Pacific Fishery Management Council, Status of the Pacific coast groundfish fishery through 1999 and recommended acceptable biological catches for 2000. Appendix: Stock assessments. Pacific Fishery Management Council: Portland, Oregon. (Ref. 39272) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Williams, E.H. and S. Ralston0 Distribution and co-occurrence of rockfishes (family-Sebastidae) over trawlable shelf and slope habitats of California and southern Oregon. Fish. Bull. 100(4):836-855. (Ref. 45591) Butler, J.L., L.D. Jacobson, J.T. Barnes and H.G. Moser0 Biology and population dynamics of cowcod (<i>Sebastes levis</i>) in the southern California Bight. Fish. Bull. 101(2):260-280. (Ref. 49962) Love, M.S., P. Morris, M. McCrae and R. Collins0 Life history aspects of 19 rockfish species (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) from the southern California Bight. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 87,38 p. (Ref. 52190) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Shanks, A.L. and G.L. Eckert0 Population persistence of California Current fishes and benthic crustaceans: a marine drift paradox. Ecol. Monogr. 75:505-524. (Ref. 56049) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro, K.M. Kleisner and H. Winker0 Estimating fisheries reference points from catch and resilience. Fish and Fisheries 18(3):506-526. (Ref. 120179) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) FB-GeneralDescr-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Found on the bottom at moderate depths, to 366 m (Ref. 2850). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 36715), over fine sand and clay, whereas adults (>44 cm TL) inhabit rocky areas at 90-300 m (Ref. 49962). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-DiagnosticDescr-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2000-12-07 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715). Moser, H.G. 1996 Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes and rockfishes. p. 733-795. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p. (Ref. 36715) FB-Morphology-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2000-12-07 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 6 - 7; Vertebrae: 26 Moser, H.G. 1996 Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes and rockfishes. p. 733-795. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p. (Ref. 36715) FB-Distribution-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2022-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Eastern Central Pacific: Usal, Mendocino County in central California, USA to central Baja California and Guadalupe Island (off north central Baja California) in Mexico. Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Uses-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Fitch, J.E. and R.J. Lavenberg 1971 Marine food and game fishes of California. University of California Press, USA. 179 p. (Ref. 4563) FB-LifeCycle-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=3976&StockCode=4172 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Viviparous (Ref. 36715, 34817). Moser, H.G. 1996 Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes and rockfishes. p. 733-795. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p. (Ref. 36715) FB-Size-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 100.0 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 49962)); max. published weight: 13.0 kg (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 55 years (Ref. 49962) Butler, J.L., L.D. Jacobson, J.T. Barnes and H.G. Moser 2003 Biology and population dynamics of cowcod (<i>Sebastes levis</i>) in the southern California Bight. Fish. Bull. 101(2):260-280. (Ref. 49962) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Butler, J.L., L.D. Jacobson, J.T. Barnes and H.G. Moser 2003 Biology and population dynamics of cowcod (<i>Sebastes levis</i>) in the southern California Bight. Fish. Bull. 101(2):260-280. (Ref. 49962) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-05-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3976 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats bathydemersal; marine; depth range 20 - 500 m (Ref. 49962), usually 90 - 300 m (Ref. 49962) Butler, J.L., L.D. Jacobson, J.T. Barnes and H.G. Moser 2003 Biology and population dynamics of cowcod (<i>Sebastes levis</i>) in the southern California Bight. Fish. Bull. 101(2):260-280. (Ref. 49962) Butler, J.L., L.D. Jacobson, J.T. Barnes and H.G. Moser 2003 Biology and population dynamics of cowcod (<i>Sebastes levis</i>) in the southern California Bight. Fish. Bull. 101(2):260-280. (Ref. 49962)