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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-375</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=375</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Gobiiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Gobiidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Exyrias</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Exyrias ferrarisi Murdy, 1985</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Trzogon indyjski</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Carapau</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Carapau do índico</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Charro-de-Russel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Choncochonco</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Gwenzenze</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Nyamuhe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Indiese skad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Baleg</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Sadat</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Sardina Areda</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>Sima</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sibubog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga-gyi-gan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Borot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Budboron</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Burot (brown tail)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Galonggong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Indisk hestemakrel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bleekeri's mackerel scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Indian scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Mackerel scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Northern mackerel scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Northern mackerel-scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Round scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Round-scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Russell's mackerel scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Russell's mackerel-scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Slender scad</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Three-lined grunter</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>India sigarstauriid</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Comète indienne</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Décaptère rond</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Maouane</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Petit maquereau rapide</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lawihan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Marot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Bengol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Korok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Lajeng lakek</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Layang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Akamuro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Indo-maruaji</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Indo-maru-aji</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Oaka-muro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>Mi-hong-ga-ra-ji</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>തിരിയാന്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>Shitap</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>Tedi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>तेदी</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>शिताप</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Basung</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Curut</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Curut-curut</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Gelama</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Julung-julung</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sadin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>San gaa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Sardin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Selar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Selayang</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Selayang curut</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Selayang lampai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Tengkerong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='so'>Buraasow</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Lungu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Msumari</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Ngula-ngula</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sw'>Simsimu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Moon-dakun-kilichi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Moondakun-kilichi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>முண்டகுன் கீளீச்சீ </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>முன்டக்கண் கிளிச்சி</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Galunggong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Nục </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá Nục thuôn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Macarela indica</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Macarela índica</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Am paratiya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Atuaalo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Atualo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Budloy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Burot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Da-guec</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Galunggong</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gawagawa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hóng qí yuán shēn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Indijski šur</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Istah putih</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ja-guec</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kade mariya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kai daro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Koliyava</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Koralava</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lēi shì yuán shēn</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Malatindok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Malimno</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mamoshig</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Murimas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nûrûû</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pula ikog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Roo-ruma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ruma-ruma</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>吉利圆鲹</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>吉利圓鰺</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>硬尾</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>紅鰭圓鰺</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>红瓜鲹</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>红赤尾</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>红鳍圆鲹</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>罗氏圆鲹</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>羅氏圓鰺</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>頜圓鰺</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>颌圆鲹</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tse Yue</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Caranx ecclipsifer De Vis, 1884</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Caranx kiliche Cuvier, 1833</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Caranx russelli Rüppell, 1830</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Decapterus dayi Wakiya, 1924</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Decapterus kiliche (Cuvier, 1833)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Decapterus lajang Bleeker, 1855</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Decapterus punctatus (non Cuvier, 1829)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Decapterus ruselli (Rüppell, 1830)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Decapterus russellii (Rüppell, 1830)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Decapterus tabl (non Berry, 1968)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-07-23</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=374'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129712&amp;speccode=374'>Olaño, V.L., N.S. Lanzuela and K.S. Paredes0 Assessment of fishery resources in Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines. The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25(1):62-76. (Ref. 129712)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137513&amp;speccode=374'>Nair, P.N.R.0 Carangid resources of India. In V.N. Pillai and N.G. Menon (eds.), Marine fisheries research and management, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, pp. 317-348. (Ref. 137513)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=374'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=138103&amp;speccode=374'>Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Adults dwell from middle to benthic (Ref. 11230), forming large schools in deep water, but occasionally inshore in sheltered bays in small to large groups (Ref. 48635).  The most common Decapterus in coastal waters and on open banks of the Indian Ocean.  They feed mainly on smaller planktonic invertebrates.  Generally marketed fresh, may be dried or salted.  Also sold frozen and canned (Ref. 9987).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7300&amp;speccode=374'>Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley 1989 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Lateral line curved below soft dorsal and with 30-44 strong scutes; color bluish green above, silvery below; caudal fin hyaline to yellowish; dorsal fins hyaline basally, light dusky distally.  Opercle with small, black spot; opercular membrane with smooth margin.  Snout longer than eye diameter; squarish lower posterior edge of maxilla; upper jaw with small teeth anteriorly; soft dorsal and anal fins relatively low, not falcate; pectoral fin sub falcate.  (Other source of data on morphology:  Refs. 3131, 3197, 3287).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-8248-1346-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&amp;speccode=374'>Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28 - 31;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 25 - 28; Vertebrae: 24</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-8248-1346-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&amp;speccode=374'>Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Indo-West Pacific:  East Africa to Japan, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and  Australia. A Lessepsian migrant (Ref. 72453).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-8248-1346-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2334&amp;speccode=374'>Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: highly commercial; bait: occasionally; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&amp;speccode=374'>FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5284&amp;speccode=374'>Sousa, M.I. and M. Dias 1981 Catálogo de peixes de Moçambique - Zona Sul. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Pesqueiro, Maputo. 121 p. (Ref. 5284)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1993-04-19 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in the continental shelf (Ref. 7300). Small fishes feed mostly on planktonic crustaceans while bigger ones are piscivorous (Refs. 5446, 137513).  Schooling species. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 127989).  Inhabits coastal waters.  Pelagic shoaling species that associates with schooling species.  Filter feeder.  Feeds on small zooplankton such as copepods (Ref. 9773).  Pelagic carnivore.  Feeding intensity observed to be affected by season (active pre- and post-monsoon, poor during) rather than time of day (Ref. 137513).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=761&amp;speccode=374'>Tiews, K., I.A. Ronquillo and P. Caces-Borja 1971 On the biology of roundscads (&lt;i&gt;Decapterus&lt;/i&gt; Bleeker) in Philippine waters. Philipp. J. Fish. 9(1/2):45-71. (Ref. 761)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9987)); max. published weight: 110 g (Ref. 4883); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 5406)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9987&amp;speccode=374'>Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9987)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0862494478' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4883&amp;speccode=374'>Bykov, V.P. 1983 Marine Fishes: Chemical composition and processing properties. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 322 p. (Ref. 4883)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5406&amp;speccode=374'>Ronquillo, I.A. 1974 Status of the roundscad (&lt;i&gt;Decapterus&lt;/i&gt; spp.) catch by purse seine. Philipp. J. Fish. 12(1 &amp; 2):101-113. (Ref. 5406)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Anisakis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5441&amp;speccode=374'>Burhanuddin, S.M., A. Djamali, S. Martosewojo and R. Moeljanto 1983 Evaluasi tentang potensi dan usaha pengelolaan sumber daya ikan layang (&lt;i&gt;Decapterus&lt;/i&gt; spp.). Lembaga Oseanologi Nasional, Jakarta. (Ref. 5441)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-374</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=374</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; marine; depth range 40 - 275 m (Ref. 12260)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12260&amp;speccode=374'>Pauly, D., A. Cabanban and F.S.B. Torres Jr. 1996 Fishery biology of 40 trawl-caught teleosts of western Indonesia. p. 135-216. In D. Pauly and P. Martosubroto (eds.) Baseline studies of biodiversity:the fish resource of western Indonesia. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 23. (Ref. 12260)</reference></dataObject>
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