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	<dc:identifier>FB-3703</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3703</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Uranoscopidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Astroscopus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Astroscopus guttatus Abbott, 1860</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Skaber amerykanski</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Skaber amerykański</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Aranhuço</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cabeçudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Plettet stjernekigger</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Sterngucker</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Northern stargazer</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Tähniline tähevaatleja</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Taivaantähystäjä</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='it'>Pesce prete</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sr'>Bezmek</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Nordlig stjärnkikare</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Stjärnkikare</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Kurbaga baligi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Rata</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lychnos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>斑点星鰧</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>斑點星鰧</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=63&amp;speccode=3703'>ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=3703'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3383&amp;speccode=3703'>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=3703'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&amp;speccode=3703'>International Game Fish Association0 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6323&amp;speccode=3703'>Crawford, R.0 World record game fishes 1993. The International Game Fish Association, Pompano Beach, Florida. (Ref. 6323)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3703'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-878348-07-8 (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9761&amp;speccode=3703'>Humann, P.0 Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p. (Ref. 9761)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10011&amp;speccode=3703'>Møller, P.R.0 Electric fishes: history and behavior. Chapman &amp; Hall, London. 584 p. (Ref. 10011)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13628&amp;speccode=3703'>Cervigón, F.0 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27363&amp;speccode=3703'>Nakamura, I., T. Inada, M. Takeda and H. Hatanaka0 Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo. 369 p. (Ref. 27363)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=3703'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=3703'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37512&amp;speccode=3703'>Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein0 Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p. (Ref. 37512)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=3703'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=3703'>IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=3703'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41761&amp;speccode=3703'>Jackowski, E.0 Nazewnictwo ryb. Mag. Przem. Ryb. Gdynia. to be filled. ISSN 1428-362X. (Ref. 41761)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50291&amp;speccode=3703'>Wilber, D.H., D.G. Clarke, M.H. Burlas, H. Ruben and R.J. Will0 Spatial and temporal variability in surf zone fish assemblages on the coast of northern New Jersey. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56(2):291-304. (Ref. 50291)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=3703'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=3703'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55313&amp;speccode=3703'>Florida Museum of Natural History0 Biological profiles: northern stargazer. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/StarGazerNorth/StarGazeNorth.htm. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55313)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57406&amp;speccode=3703'>Smith, W.L. and W.C. Wheeler0 Venom evolution widespread in fishes: a phylogenetic rode map for the bioprospecting of piscine venoms. J. Hered. 97(3):206-217. (Ref. 57406)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=3703'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9781421407685' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93252&amp;speccode=3703'>Murdy, E.O. and J.A. Musick0 Field guide to fishes of the Chesapeake Bay. JHU Press, 360 p. (Ref. 93252)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=3703'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101791&amp;speccode=3703'>Watson, W.0 Uranoscopidae:  Stargazers. p. 1144-1147. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505p. (Ref. 101791)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105472&amp;speccode=3703'>Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=3703'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406). Found inshore, at depths to 36 m (Ref. 55313).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3703'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-05-02 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  USA.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3703'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&amp;speccode=3703'>International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&amp;speccode=3703'>International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>59.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 9,100 g (Ref. 7251)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&amp;speccode=3703'>IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3703'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
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	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range ? - 36 m (Ref. 55313)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55313&amp;speccode=3703'>Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: northern stargazer. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/StarGazerNorth/StarGazeNorth.htm. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55313)</reference></dataObject>
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