FB-3542 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Carangiformes Rachycentridae Rachycentron Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Sookalla Rachica Bacalhau Beijo-pirá Beijupirá Beiupirá Bejupirá Bijupirá Biupirá Cação-de-escama Cação-de-escamas Canado Chancarona Filho-pródigo Fogueteiro-galego Ndjika Nzanzuduma Parambiju Parambijú Parabiju Peixe-rei Peixe-sargento Pirambiju Pirabeju Pirabiju Pirá-biju Pirapiju Sargento Kobia Goada Kumi nu'aakhr Sakan Seekel Segel Seheeha Sikel Sikin Sikn Balisukan Itang Pandauan Sakalan itang Tangiging-batang Tangirion Pandawan Sergentfisk Cobia Königsbarsch Offiziersfisch Black bonito Black king Black king cobia Black king fish Black kingfish Black salmon Butterfish Cabio Cobia Cobla Cod Crab eater Crabeater Cubby yew Kingfish Lemon fish Ling Prodigal son Runner Sergeant fish Sergeantfish Sergeant-fish Sergent fish Seersantkala Okakala Cobia Mafou Modasa મોદસા  Tiruk Mondoh Sugi Nal-sae-gi 날쌔기 Neimeen നെയ് മീന്  നെയ് മീന്   നെയ്മീന് Madusa Muddus Sakala Sakla मदुसा मुधुस साकळा साकाळा Aruan tasek Buntut karbo Gabus laut Hai lay Jaman кобия Кобия (=нигрита) сержант-рыба Silqo Takho Taqo Bonita Songoro Cobia Cuddul-verarl Kadal-viral கடல் வீரால கடல் வீரால்  கடல் விரால் Peddah-mottah పెద్దా మొత్తా   Dalag dagat Dalag-dagat Gile Pandawan Кобія Нігріта Cá Bớp Cá Giò Todié Bacalao Bonito Bonito negro Cabio Cobia Cobie Peje Palo Pejepalo Badee Caitay Cuddul-verari Dalag-dalag Gabas laut Gabus laut Hambe-mvrozo Hayoan-tasik Jūn cáo yú Kobija Kume Langa-langa Langlanga Mondo Mondoh Mudhila Mudhilla Mudhu luhula Pako Pirão Soa-ambina Tase Tasi Tayad Xí là bái 军曹鱼 懵仔魚 懵仲 海丽仔 海鱺 海鲡 軍曹魚 魚仲 Apolectus niger (Bloch, 1793) Centronotus gardenii Lacepède, 1801 Centronotus spinosus Mitchill, 1815 Elacate atlantica Cuvier, 1832 Elacate bivittata Cuvier, 1832 Elacate canada (Linnaeus, 1766) Elacate falcipinnis Gosse, 1851 Elacate malabarica Cuvier, 1832 Elacate motta Cuvier, 1829 Elacate nigerrima Swainson, 1839 Elacate nigra (Bloch, 1793) Elacate pondiceriana Cuvier, 1832 Gasterosteus canadus Linnaeus, 1766 Meladerma nigerrima (Swainson, 1839) Naucrates niger (Bloch, 1793) Rachicentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Rachycentrodon canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus, 1766) Rachycentron typus Kaup, 1826 Rachycentrum canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Scomber niger Bloch, 1793 Thynnus canadensis Gronow, 1854 1991-05-01 2019-02-12 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) Chung, S.W.C., S.K. Tong, Y. Xiao and Y.Y. Ho0 Methylmercury and long-chain n-3 fatty acids of 88 fish species commonly consumed in Hong Kong. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 6(5):1-9. (Ref. 125589) Tilley, A.0 Timor-Leste common names. Personal communication [accessed 15/08/2022]. (Ref. 127010) Kasim, H. and B.J. Muuse0 Compilation of names for demersal and pelagic fishes of Somalia. Personal communication [Accessed 11/08/2022]. (Ref. 127014) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Lai, N.-W.0 Hong Kong market marine fish. Original title: 香港街市海魚圖鑑. Hua Qianshu Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 440. (Ref. 129440) Lowerre‐Barbieri, S.K., C. Friess, L.P. Griffin, D. Morley, G.B. Skomal, J.W. Bickford, N. Hammerschlag, M.J. Rider, M.J. Smukall, M.P. van Zinnicq Bergmann, T.L. Guttridge, A. Kroetz, D. Grubbs, C.L. Gervasi, J.S. Rehage and G.R…. Poulakis0 Movescapes and eco-evolutionary movement strategies in marine fish: assessing a connectivity hotspot. Fish and Fisheries, 22(6):1321-1344. (Ref. 129954) Jensen, D.R. and J.E. Graves0 Movements, habitat utilization, and post-release survival of cobia (<i>Rachycentron canadum</i>) that summer in Virginia waters assessed using pop-up satellite archival tags. Animal Biotelemetry 8(24). (Ref. 130048) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Ganga, U., N.G.K. Pillai, K.V. Akhilesh, C.P. Rajool Shanis, N. Beni, H. Manjebrayakath and D. Prakasan0 Population dynamics of cobia <i>Rachycentron canadum</i> (Linnaeus, 1766) off Cochin coast, south-eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Fisheries 59(3):15-20. (Ref. 130716) Chu, E. and D. Pauly0 The relationship between mean length at maturity and maximum length in coral reef fish. Fishes 9(4)[130]:1-18. (Ref. 131468) Sajeevan, M.K. and M. Kurup0 Stock assessment of cobia <i>Rachycentron canadum</i> (Linnaeus, 1766) occurring in the North West coast of India. Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci. 45:378-387. (Ref. 131542) Panhwar, S.K. and I. Kashani0 Discovery of two new species of cobia (Pisces; Rachycentridae) inhabiting the makran coast of the northern Arabian Sea with notes on their biology and ecology. Zoologischer Anzeiger 313(2024):298-305. (Ref. 132435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-3542-12089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-10-04 1997-04-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Racan_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Racan_u1.gif FB-pic-3542-23010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-15 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 market; 2-3 Nov. 1983 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Racan_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Racan_u1.jpg FB-pic-3542-23011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-15 2000-08-10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 1.53 kg http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Racan_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Racan_u2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 Adults occur in a variety of habitats, over mud, sand and gravel bottoms; over coral reefs, off rocky shores (Ref. 10948) and in mangrove sloughs; inshore around pilings and buoys, and offshore around drifting and stationary objects; occasionally in estuaries (Ref. 9739). Form small groups and may pursue small pelagic inshore (Ref. 48635). Feed on crustaceans (inlcuding crabs), small fishes, and squids (Ref. 5213, 10948, 13442, 132435). Form spawning aggregations during the warm months in the western Atlantic; eggs and larvae planktonic (Ref. 12459). Caught in small quantities due to its solitary behavior (Ref. 9626). Caught mainly with handlines, and by trolling pelagically offshore over the continental shelf (Ref. 10948). Good food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 5284), smoked, and frozen (Ref. 9987). Also caught for sport (Ref. 26938). Shaffer, R.V. and E.L. Nakamura 1989 Synopsis of biological data on the cobia <i>Rachycentron canadum</i> (Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153. (Ref. 9739) FB-DiagnosticDescr-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1996-02-27 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 This species is distinguished by the following characters: head broad and depressed; first dorsal fin usually with VIII short but strong isolated spines, not connected by a membrane; caudal fin lunate to emarginate in adults, upper lobe longer than lower, rounded in young with prolonged central rays. Colour of back and sides dark brown, with 2 sharply defined narrow silvery bands, belly yellowish (Ref. 10948, 90102). Collette, B.B. 1999 Rachycentridae. Cobia. p. 2655. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10948) FB-Morphology-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1996-02-27 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Dorsal spines (total): 7 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26 - 33; Anal spines: 2 - 3; Analsoft rays: 22 - 28 Collette, B.B. 1999 Rachycentridae. Cobia. p. 2655. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10948) FB-Distribution-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-06-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, but absent in the eastern Pacific (Ref. 9739, 33390) and the Pacific Plate, except marginally (Ref. 10948). Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Bermuda and Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 7251), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626) and entire Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to South Africa. Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Ref. 2871, 5213, 6644, 30573) and Hokkaido, Japan to Australia. Collette, B.B. 1984 Rachycentridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51), Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3487) FB-Uses-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FAO 1997 Aquaculture production statistics 1986-1995. FAO Fish. Circ. 815, Rev. 9. 195 p. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=3542&StockCode=3738 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Form spawning aggregations during the warm months in the western Atlantic; eggs and larvae planktonic (Ref. 12459). Brown-Peterson, N.J., R.M. Overstreet, J.M. Lotz, J.S. Franks and K.M. Burns 2001 Reproductive biology of cobia, <i>Rachycentron canadum</i>, from coastal waters of the southern United States. Fish. Bull. 99:15-28. (Ref. 39295) FB-TrophicStrategy-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-06 00:00:00 2024-02-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public canadum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Generally occur in areas of oceanic or near oceanic salinities, and can tolerate fairly hypersaline conditions. Have been taken from waters with salinities ranging from 22.4 to 44.5 ppt but can acclimate to slightly lower salinities. Its distribution is greatly affected by temperature (Ref. 9739). Pelagic, but ventures into coral reefs, rocky shores, and sometimes estuaries. Predator. Feeds on swimming crabs, lobsters and squids (Ref. 9773). Salini, J.P., S.J.M. Blaber and D.T`. Brewer 1994 Diets of trawled predatory fish of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, with particular reference to predation on prawns. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 45(3):397-411. FB-Size-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 200 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 10790)); max. published weight: 68.0 kg (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 9739) Quéro, J.-C. 1990 Rachycentridae. p. 723-724. In J. C. Quéro, J. C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 10790) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Shaffer, R.V. and E.L. Nakamura 1989 Synopsis of biological data on the cobia <i>Rachycentron canadum</i> (Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153. (Ref. 9739) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-3542-905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-05-23 00:00:00 2003-05-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3542&StockCode=3738 Dionchus Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Hargis, W.J. 1955 Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part V. The superfamily Capsaloidea. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 74(3):203-225. (Ref. 46261) FB-Habitat-3542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-02-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3542 reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 9739) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Shaffer, R.V. and E.L. Nakamura 1989 Synopsis of biological data on the cobia <i>Rachycentron canadum</i> (Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153. (Ref. 9739)