<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><response xmlns="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1"
	xmlns:xsd="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
	xmlns:dc="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:dcterms="https://purl.org/dc/terms/"
	xmlns:geo="https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	xmlns:dwc="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/dwcore/"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1 http://services.eol.org/schema/content_0_2.xsd">
<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cyprinodontiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Poeciliidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Poecilia</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kingyo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Cytrynówka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Gupik pawie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Barrigudinho</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Barrigudinho-mexicano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Gúpi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Lebiste</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Lebistes</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Mexicano</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Sarapintado</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Guppie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Miljoenvis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sq'>Barkuleci i ylbertë</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sq'>Larëza këlyshlindëse</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sq'>Lareza tripikaloshe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sq'>Larëza tripikaloshe</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Živorodka duhová</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Millionenfisch</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Wilder Riesenguppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Barbados millions</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Guppies</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Million fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Millions</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Millions fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Rainbow fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Gupi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Miljoonakala</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Guppie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Poisson million</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Queue de voile</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='jv'>Bahenol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Guppii</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>グッピー</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ms'>Ikan seribu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>гуппи</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sk'>Živorodka dúhová (gupka)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Lepistes</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='vi'>Cá bay màu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Bandera</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Gupi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Sardinita</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bunting</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Burting</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gup</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Gupi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Guppy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Renting</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sibolon perut</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Siburting</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>孔雀花鮰(虹鮰,孔雀魚)(引進)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hung dzoek ue</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>虹鮰</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthophacelus guppii (Günther, 1866)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthophacelus reticulatus (Peters, 1859)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Girardinus guppii Günther, 1866</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Girardinus reticulatus (Peters, 1859)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Haridichthys reticulatus (Peters, 1859)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Heterandria guppyi (Günther, 1866)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lebistes poecilioides De Filippi, 1861</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lebistes poeciloides De Filippi, 1861</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lebistes reticulatus (Peters, 1859)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pocilia reticulata Peters, 1859</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Poecilia kempkesi Poeser, 2013</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Poecilia reticulate Peters, 1859</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Poecilia reticulatus Peters, 1859</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Poecilioides reticulatus (Peters, 1859)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2014-11-14</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=3228'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=312&amp;speccode=3228'>Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=315&amp;speccode=3228'>Maar, A., M. Mortimer and J. van der Lingen0 Fish culture in east central Africa. FAO publ. 53608-66/E. 158 p. (Ref. 315)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=352&amp;speccode=3228'>Duerre, D.C.0 Report to the Government of Zambia on fishery development in the Central Barotse flood plain. FAO/UNDP (TA) Rep. (2638):80 p. (Ref. 352)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=354&amp;speccode=3228'>de Merona, B.0 Modèle d'estimation rapide de la croissance des poissons. Application aux poissons d'eau douce d'Afrique. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 16(1):103-113. (Ref. 354)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=3228'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=592&amp;speccode=3228'>Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=683&amp;speccode=3228'>Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau0 European inland water fish. A multilingual catalogue. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London. (Ref. 683)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=720&amp;speccode=3228'>von Bertalanffy, L.0 Theoretische Biologie - Zweiter Band: Stoffwechsel, Wachstum. A. Francke AG Verlag. Bern. 418 p. (Ref. 720)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=880&amp;speccode=3228'>Ursin, E.0 A mathematical model of some aspects of fish growth, respiration, and mortality. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 24(11):2355-2453. (Ref. 880)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=882&amp;speccode=3228'>Svärdson, G.0 Studien über den Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechtsreife und Wachstum bei &lt;i&gt;Lebistes&lt;/i&gt;. Mitt. Anst. F. Binnenfischerei bei Drottingholm, Stockholm (21):48 p. (Ref. 882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1139&amp;speccode=3228'>Pauly, D.0 On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 39(2):175-192. (Ref. 1139)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&amp;speccode=3228'>Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1672&amp;speccode=3228'>Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1675&amp;speccode=3228'>Carvalho, G.R., P.W. Shaw, A.E. Magurran and B.H. Seghers0 Marked genetic divergence revealed by allozymes among populations of the guppy &lt;i&gt;Poecilia reticulata&lt;/i&gt; (Poeciliidae), in Trinidad. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42:389-405. (Ref. 1675)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-102664-5.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1739&amp;speccode=3228'>Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1756&amp;speccode=3228'>Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1830&amp;speccode=3228'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1836&amp;speccode=3228'>Pauly, D.0 Gill size and temperature as governing factors in fish growth: a generalization of von Bertalanffy's growth formula. Berichte des Instituts für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel, (63). 156 p. (Ref. 1836)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1972&amp;speccode=3228'>Maciolek, J.A.0 Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. p. 131-161. In W.R. Courtenay, Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. (Ref. 1972)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1995&amp;speccode=3228'>Crossman, E.J.0 Introduction of exotic fishes into Canada. p. 78-101. In W.R. Courtenay, Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. (Ref. 1995)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2037&amp;speccode=3228'>Eigenmann, R.S.0 The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the lowlands. Mem. Carneg. Mus. 5:578 p. (Ref. 2037)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2060&amp;speccode=3228'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2220&amp;speccode=3228'>Post, A.0 Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Chromosomenzahlen bei Süßwasser-Teleosteern. Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.-Forsch. 3:47-93. (Ref. 2220)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9980-85-304-2(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2847&amp;speccode=3228'>Allen, G.R.0 Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication, no. 9. 268 p. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 2847)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=3228'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=3228'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=3228'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=3228'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran0 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5258&amp;speccode=3228'>Man, S.H. and I.J. Hodgkiss0 Hong Kong freshwater fishes. Urban Council, Wishing Printing Company, Hong Kong, 75 p. (Ref. 5258)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5360&amp;speccode=3228'>Yamamoto, M.N.0 Occurrence, distribution and abundance of accidentally introduced freshwater aquatic organisms in Hawaii. State of Hawaii, Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration, Dingell-Johnson JOR. Freshwater Fisheries Research and Surveys, Project No. F-14-R-16. (Ref. 5360)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5723&amp;speccode=3228'>Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=3228'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6028&amp;speccode=3228'>Pethiyagoda, R.0 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6071&amp;speccode=3228'>McKay, R.J.0 Exotic and translocated freshwater fishes in Australia. p. 21-34. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 3, 154 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 6071)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6093&amp;speccode=3228'>Eidman, H.M.0 Exotic aquatic species introduction into Indonesia. p. 57-62. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 3, 154 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 6093)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6095&amp;speccode=3228'>Ang, K.J., R. Gopinath and T.E. Chua0 The status of introduced fish species in Malaysia. p. 71-82. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 3, 154 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 6095)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6096&amp;speccode=3228'>Juliano, R.O., R.D. Guerrero III and I. Ronquillo0 The introduction of exotic aquatic species in the Philippines. p. 83-90. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 3, 154 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 6096)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6107&amp;speccode=3228'>Schuster, W.H. and R. Djajadiredja0 Local common names of Indonesian fishes. W.V. Hoeve, Bandung, Indonesia. 276 p. (Ref. 6107)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6154&amp;speccode=3228'>Arthington, A.H.0 Diet of &lt;i&gt;Gambusia affinis holbrooki&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Xiphophorus helleri&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;X. maculatus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Poecilia reticulata&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces: Poeciliidae) in streams of southeastern Queensland, Australia. Asian Fish. Sci. 2:193-212. (Ref. 6154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6299&amp;speccode=3228'>Chou, L.M. and T.J. Lam0 Introduction of exotic aquatic species in Singapore. p. 91-97. In S.S. De Silva (ed.) Exotic aquatic organisms in Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Organisms in Asia. Spec. Publ. Asian Fish. Soc.3, 154 p. (Ref. 6299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6313&amp;speccode=3228'>Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6349&amp;speccode=3228'>Eldredge, L.G.0 Perspectives in aquatic exotic species management in the Pacific islands. Volume I. Introduction of commercially significant aquatic organisms to the Pacific islands. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, 127 p. (Ref. 6349)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6366&amp;speccode=3228'>Andrews, S.0 Aquatic species introduced to Fiji. Domodomo 3(2):67-82. (Ref. 6366)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6371&amp;speccode=3228'>Bright, G.R. and J.A. June0 Freshwater fishes of Palau, Caroline Islands. Micronesica 17(1/2):107-111. (Ref. 6371)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6375&amp;speccode=3228'>Holcík, J.0 Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23. (Ref. 6375)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6443&amp;speccode=3228'>Erdman, D.S.0 Exotic fishes in Puerto Rico. p. 162-176. In W.R. Courtney, Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology and management of exotic fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA. (Ref. 6443)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7988-4496-5 (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6465&amp;speccode=3228'>de Moor, I.J. and M.N. Bruton0 Atlas of alien and translocated indigenous aquatic animals in southern Africa. A report of the Committee for Nature Conservation Research National Programme for Ecosystem Research. South African Scientific Programmes Report No. 144. 310 p. Port Elizabeth, South Africa. (Ref. 6465)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6898&amp;speccode=3228'>Shao, K.-T. and P.L. Lim0 Fishes of freshwater and estuary. Encyclopedia of field guide in Taiwan. Recreation Press, Co., Ltd., Taipei. vol. 31. 240 p. (in Chinese). (Ref. 6898)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6993&amp;speccode=3228'>Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin No. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 194 p. (Ref. 6993)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7020&amp;speccode=3228'>Mills, D. and G. Vevers0 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7050&amp;speccode=3228'>Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo0 Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7223&amp;speccode=3228'>Kottelat, M.0 Technical report on the fishes from fresh and brackish waters of Leyte, Philippines. Technical Report prepared for the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and ViSCA-GTZ Ecology Program, Visayan State College of Agriculture, Philippines. Route de Fregiêcourt 96c, Case postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland. 54 p. (Ref. 7223)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7248&amp;speccode=3228'>Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7471&amp;speccode=3228'>Balon, E.K.0 Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 1:1-48. (Ref. 7471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8600&amp;speccode=3228'>Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Introduction of aquatic species into Zambian waters, and their importance for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme, ALCOM Field Document No. 24. 29 p. (Ref. 8600)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8938&amp;speccode=3228'>Gyldenholm, A.O. and J.J. Scheel0 Chromosome numbers of fishes. I. p. 90-97. In J.P. Wourms, D.E. Semler, J.V. Merriner et.al. Genetic studies of fish:II. MSS Information Corporation, New York. (Ref. 8938)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8961&amp;speccode=3228'>Prehn, L.M. and E.M. Rasch0 Cytogenetic studies of &lt;i&gt;Poecilia&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces) I. Chromosome numbers of natural occurring poeciliid species and their hybrids from eastern Mexico. Can. J. Gen. Cytol. 11:880-895. (Ref. 8961)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8964&amp;speccode=3228'>Wickbom, T.0 Cytological studies on the family Cyprinodontidae. Hereditas 29:1-24. (Ref. 8964)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8973&amp;speccode=3228'>Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9082&amp;speccode=3228'>Barriga, R.0 Peces de agua dulce del Ecuador. Revista de Informacion tecnico-cientifica, Quito, Ecuador, Politecnica, XVI(3):7-88. (Ref. 9082)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9420&amp;speccode=3228'>Eldredge, L.G.0 Freshwater fishes. p. 73-84. In L.G. Eldredge, Perspectives in aquatic exotic species management in the Pacific Islands. Vol. 1. Introductions of commercially significant aquatic organisms to the Pacific Islands. South Pacific Commission, New Caledonia. (Ref. 9420)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10494&amp;speccode=3228'>Helfman, G.S. and J.E. Randall0 Palauan fish names. Pac. Sci. 27(2):136-153. (Ref. 10494)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11115&amp;speccode=3228'>McDowall, R.M.0 Freshwater fishes and fisheries of New Zealand -The angler's el dorado. Aquat. Sci. 2(2):281-341. (Ref. 11115)</reference>
	<reference isbn='976-8136-74-X (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11225&amp;speccode=3228'>Kenny, J.S.0 Views from the bridge: a memoir on the freshwater fishes of Trinidad. Julian S. Kenny, Maracas, St. Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago. 98 p. (Ref. 11225)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12157&amp;speccode=3228'>ASAP, Aquarium Science Association of the Philippines0 Aquarium species in the Philippines. ASAP Aquarist Database Report. 9 p. Quezon City, Philippines. (Ref. 12157)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12165&amp;speccode=3228'>Bleher, H.0 Bombon. Aqua geographia 12(4):6-34. (Ref. 12165)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12193&amp;speccode=3228'>Hugg, D.O.0 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12204&amp;speccode=3228'>Coad, B.W.0 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12217&amp;speccode=3228'>Kottelat, M. and T. Whitten0 Freshwater biodiversity in Asia, with special reference to fish. World Bank Tech. Pap. 343:59 p. (Ref. 12217)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12559&amp;speccode=3228'>McKay, R.J.0 Introductions of exotic fishes in Australia. p. 177-199. In Courtenay, W.R. Jr. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (Editors). Distribution, Biology and Management of Exotic fishes. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12743&amp;speccode=3228'>Lewis, A.D. and C.K. Pring0 Freshwater and brackishwater fish and fisheries of Fiji. p. 38-59. In T. Petr (ed.) Reports and papers presented at the Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission Expert Consultation on inland fisheries of the larger Indo-Pacific islands. Bangkok, Thailand, 4-6 August 1986. FAO Fish. Rep. (371) Suppl.:258 p. (Ref. 12743)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12792&amp;speccode=3228'>Marquet, G.0 Étude biogeographique de la faune d'eau douce de Polynésie française. Biogeographica 69(4):157-170. (Ref. 12792)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=3228'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13235&amp;speccode=3228'>Séret, B.0 Les poissons d'eau douce de Nouvelle-Calédonie: implications biogéographiques de récentes découvertes. Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. 171:369-378. (Ref. 13235)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13246&amp;speccode=3228'>Marquet, G., B. Séret and R. Lecomte-Finiger0 Inventaires comparés des poissons des eaux intérieures de trois îles océaniques tropicales de l'Indo-Pacifique (la Réunion, la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Tahiti). Cybium 21(1  suppl.):27-34. (Ref. 13246)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13333&amp;speccode=3228'>Stiassny, M.L.J. and N. Raminosoa0 The fishes of the inland waters of Madagascar. p.133-148. In G.G. Teugels, J.-F. Guégan and J.-J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh- and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13333)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13371&amp;speccode=3228'>Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13428&amp;speccode=3228'>Guerrero, R.D. III0 Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: How many are there?. Paper presented at the Symposia on the Inventory and Assessment of Species Diversity in the Philippines, 27 August 1997, Diliman, Quezon City. 17 p. (Ref. 13428)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13498&amp;speccode=3228'>Lee, D.S., S.P. Platania and G.H. Burgess0 Atlas of North American freshwater fishes, 1983 supplement. Occasional Papers of the North Carolina Biological Survey no. 1983-6. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, N.C. 67 p. (Ref. 13498)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7900-0022-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13730&amp;speccode=3228'>McDowall, R.M.0 New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide. Hinemann Reed Auckland. 553 p. (Ref. 13730)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=3228'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo0 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26130&amp;speccode=3228'>Wischnath, L.0 Atlas of livebearers of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., United States of America. 336 p. (Ref. 26130)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26180&amp;speccode=3228'>Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema and I. Clavijo0 An annotated list of the fishes of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Spec. Publ. No. 3. (Ref. 26180)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26334&amp;speccode=3228'>Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov0 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. (Ref. 26334)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26855&amp;speccode=3228'>Rodriguez, C.M.0 Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Poeciliini (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Copeia 1997(4):663-679. (Ref. 26855)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27116&amp;speccode=3228'>McAllister, D.E.0 A working list of fishes of the world. Copies available from D.E. McAllister, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada. 2661 p. plus 1270 p. Index. (Ref. 27116)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27158&amp;speccode=3228'>Burgess, G.H. and R. Franz0 Zoogeography of the Antillean freshwater fish fauna. p. 236-304. In C.A. Woods (ed.) Biogeography of the West Indies: past, present, and future. (Ref. 27158)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27226&amp;speccode=3228'>Boeseman, M.0 The fresh-waters fishes of the island of Trinidad: addenda, errata, et corrigenda. Stud. Fauna Curaçao Caribb. Is. 20(82):52-57. (Ref. 27226)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27393&amp;speccode=3228'>Shaw, P.W., G.R. Carvalho, A.E. Magurran and B.H. Seghers0 Population differentiation in Trinidadian guppies (&lt;i&gt;Poecilia reticulata&lt;/i&gt;): patterns and problems. J. Fish Biol. 39(Suppl.A):203-209. (Ref. 27393)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27639&amp;speccode=3228'>Lyons, J., G. González-Hernandéz, E. Soto-Galera and M. Guzmán-Arroyo0 Decline of freshwater fishes and fisheries in selected drainages of west-central Mexico. Fisheries 23(4):10-18. (Ref. 27639)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=29440&amp;speccode=3228'>Scheel, J.J.0 Rivuline karyotypes and their evolution (Rivulinae, Cyprinodontidae, Pisces). Z. Zool. Syst. Evol.-Forsch. 10(3):180-209. (Ref. 29440)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=29507&amp;speccode=3228'>Lodi, E.0 Chromosome complement of the guppy, &lt;i&gt;Poecilia reticulata&lt;/i&gt; Peters (Pisces, Osteichthyes). Caryologia. 31(4):475-477. (Ref. 29507)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=29684&amp;speccode=3228'>Iriki, S.H.0 Preliminary notes on the chromosomes of pisces. I. Aplocheilus latipes and &lt;i&gt;Lebistes reticulatus&lt;/i&gt;. Proc. Imp. Acad. Japan. 8():262-263. (Ref. 29684)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=29790&amp;speccode=3228'>Yosida, H.T. and M. Hayashi0 Preliminary note on karyotype of guppy and topminnow. Ann. Rep. natn. Inst. Genet. Misima. 21:52-53. (Ref. 29790)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30184&amp;speccode=3228'>Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30491&amp;speccode=3228'>Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. (Ref. 30491)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30558&amp;speccode=3228'>Okeyo, D.O.0 Updating names, distribution and ecology of riverine fish of Kenya in the Athi-Galana-Sabaki River drainage system. Naga, ICLARM Q. 21(1):44-53. (Ref. 30558)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=3228'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=3228'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31522&amp;speccode=3228'>Gibbons, S.0 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p. (Ref. 31522)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31667&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31740&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museums of Kenya. National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya. (Ref. 31740)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-87429-411-0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33390&amp;speccode=3228'>Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33407&amp;speccode=3228'>Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33796&amp;speccode=3228'>Ndoc, R. and A. Flloko0 Iktiofauna e Shqiperise. Shtepia botuese "Libri Universitar", Tirana, Albania. (Ref. 33796)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33857&amp;speccode=3228'>Hay, C.J., B.J. van Zyl, F.H. van der Bank, J.T. Ferreira and G.J. Steyn0 The distribution of freshwater fish in Namibia. Cimbebasia 15:41-63. (Ref. 33857)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34027&amp;speccode=3228'>McCormack, G.0 Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. Sent by Gerald McCormack as RTF document in May 2000 for use in FishBase. (Ref. 34027)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34370&amp;speccode=3228'>Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34564&amp;speccode=3228'>Feichtinger, W.0 Cytogenetische Untersuchungen an lebendgebärenden Zahnkarpfen (Pisces: Poeciliidae). Dipl.-Thesis Universität Würzburg, 96 p. (unpubl.). (Ref. 34564)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35508&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35957&amp;speccode=3228'>Hornaday, K., S. Alexander and F. Breden0 Distribution of a repeated DNA sequence in natural populations of Trinidad guppy (&lt;i&gt;Poecilia reticulata&lt;/i&gt;). Copeia 1994(4):809-817. (Ref. 35957)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36625&amp;speccode=3228'>Khoa, T.T. and T.T.T. Huong0 Dinh Loai Cá Nuóc Ngot Vùng Dông Bang Sông Cuu Long. Khoa Thuy San Truong Dai Hoc Can Tho, p 3-8. (Ref. 36625)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36653&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36670&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36880&amp;speccode=3228'>Bussing, W.A.0 Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica [Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica]. 2nd Ed. San José Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 468 p. (Ref. 36880)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38265&amp;speccode=3228'>Nomura, H.0 Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Brasília: Editerra. 482p. (Ref. 38265)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38466&amp;speccode=3228'>Ng, P.K.L., L.M. Chou and T.J. Lam0 The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biol. Conserv. 64:19-24. (Ref. 38466)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39227&amp;speccode=3228'>Kristo, R.0 List of freshwater, brackish and marine common names of Albania. Personal communication. (Ref. 39227)</reference>
	<reference isbn='84-931926-0-0.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39531&amp;speccode=3228'>Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40054&amp;speccode=3228'>Pusey, B.J., A.H. Arthington and M.G. Read0 Species richness and spatial variation in fish assemblage structure in two rivers of the wet tropics of northern Queensland, Australia. Environ. Biol. Fishes 42(2):181-199. (Ref. 40054)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40919&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G.0 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41809&amp;speccode=3228'>Pusey, B.J., M.G. Read and A.H. Arthington0 The feeding ecology of freshwater fishes in two rivers of the Australian wet tropics. Environ. Biol. Fishes 43(1):85-103. (Ref. 41809)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41827&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Freshwater fish collection database of the National Science Museum. National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. (Ref. 41827)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42429&amp;speccode=3228'>Hickley, P., R. North, S.M. Muchiri and D.M. Harper0 The diet of largemouth bass, &lt;i&gt;Micropterus salmoides&lt;/i&gt;, in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. J. Fish Biol. 44(4):607-619. (Ref. 42429)</reference>
	<reference isbn='955-9114-25-5(hdb.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43281&amp;speccode=3228'>Kottelat, M.0 Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p. (Ref. 43281)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43637&amp;speccode=3228'>Rema Devi, K. and T.J. Indra0 Freshwater ichthyofaunal resources of Tamil Nadu. p. 77-97. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan . Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43640&amp;speccode=3228'>Shaji, C.P., P.S. Easa and A. Gopalakrishnan0 Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats. p. 33-35. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43640)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43856&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the UP Marine Science Institute. Marine Sciece Insititute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. (Ref. 43856)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=44085&amp;speccode=3228'>Barua, S.P., M.M.H. Khan and A.H.M. Ali Reza0 The status of alien invasive species in Bangladesh and their impact on the ecosystems. p. 1-7. In P. Balakrishna (ed.) Report of Workshop on Alien Invasive species, GBF-SSEA. Colombo. IUCN Regional Biodiversity Programme, Asia, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (Ref. 44085)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=44091&amp;speccode=3228'>Yamamoto, M.N. and A.W. Tagawa0 Hawai'i's native and exotic freshwater animals. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu, Hawaii. 200 p. (Ref. 44091)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=44324&amp;speccode=3228'>Sathyanarayanappa, S.N., G.P.S. Rao and [N.] Vasudev0 Cultivable, sport and ornamental fishes of the Karnataka hilly region. p. 223-225. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1,347 p. (Ref. 44324)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7307-5486-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=44894&amp;speccode=3228'>Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley and M. Allen0 Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia. 394 p. (Ref. 44894)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45022&amp;speccode=3228'>Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. 296:21-30. (Ref. 45022)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45043&amp;speccode=3228'>Bogutskaya, N.G.0 Common names of Russian freshwater fishes. Spreadsheet with cyrillic names made available for inclusion in FishBase. Unpublished. (Ref. 45043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45120&amp;speccode=3228'>Lopez, N.C.0 Parasitic crustaceans in fishes from some Philippine lakes. p.75-79. In C.B. Santiago, M.L. Cuvin-Aralar and Z.U. Basiao (eds) Conservation and ecological management of Philippine lakes in relation to fisheries and aquaculture. SEAFDEC, Aquacult. Dept., Iloilo,Phil., PCAMRD, Los Baños, Lag., &amp; BFAR Q.C. Phil.,187p. (Ref. 45120)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45204&amp;speccode=3228'>Bhat, A.0 Fish germplasm inventory of Sharavati, Aghanashini, Bedti and Kali rivers, Uttara Kannada. p. 148-151. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1,347 p. (Ref. 45204)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45250&amp;speccode=3228'>Baruš, V. and O. Oliva (eds.)0 Mihulovci a ryby. Fauna R a SR. (Cyclostomata and fishes. Fauna of Czech Republic and Slovakia). sv. 28 Academia Praha. (Ref. 45250)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45600&amp;speccode=3228'>Paperna, I.0 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45896&amp;speccode=3228'>Able, K.W.0 Cyprinodontiformes: development. p. 362-368. In American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Ontogeny and systematics of fishes, based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of E.H. Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. (1):1-760. (Ref. 45896)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46025&amp;speccode=3228'>Thibault, R.E. and R.J. Schultz0 Reproductive adaptation among viviparous fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Evolution 32:320-332. (Ref. 46025)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46088&amp;speccode=3228'>Winemiller, K.O., M. Leslie and R. Roche0 Phenotypic variation in male guppies from natural inland populations: an additional test of Haskins' sexual selection/predation hypothesis. Environ. Biol. Fishes 29(3):179-191. (Ref. 46088)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46699&amp;speccode=3228'>Bunkley-Williams, L. and E.H. Williams Jr.0 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical region. (Book review). Caribb. J. Sci. 38(3-4):289-294. (Ref. 46699)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=3228'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G.0 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-85653-537-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48621&amp;speccode=3228'>Lim, P., F.J. Meunier, P. Keith and P.Y. Noël0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce de la Martinique. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines Naturels, 51:120p. (Ref. 48621)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-85653-547-X' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48622&amp;speccode=3228'>Keith, P., E. Vigneux and G. Marquet0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce de Polynésie Française. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines Naturels, 55:175p. (Ref. 48622)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-86515-113-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48660&amp;speccode=3228'>Keith, P., E. Vigneux and P. Bosc0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce de La Réunion. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines Naturels 39:136p. (Ref. 48660)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48666&amp;speccode=3228'>Native Fish Australia0 A taxonomic summary of Australian freshwater fish. Retrieved 10 Sept. 03, from http://www.nativefish.asn.au/taxonomy.html. 8 p. Last updated 1 January 2001. (Ref. 48666)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48787&amp;speccode=3228'>Arthington, A.H. and F. McKenzie0 Review of impacts of displaced/introduced fauna associated with inland waters. Australia: State of the Environment Technical Paper Series (Inland waters), Department of the Environment, Canberra (Australia). 69 p. (Ref. 48787)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50307&amp;speccode=3228'>Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus0 An annotated key to the teleost fishes of Puerto Rico. Compendio Enciclopedico de los Recursos Nat. 5:1-191. (Ref. 50307)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=3228'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=3228'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51539&amp;speccode=3228'>Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF)0 Gutachten über Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser). Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BMELF), Bonn, Germany. 16 p. (Ref. 51539)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51814&amp;speccode=3228'>Islam, M.M., A.S.M.R. Amin and S.K. Sarker0 Bangladesh. p. 7-20. In N. Pallewatta, J.K. Reaser and A.T. Gutierrez (eds.) Invasive Alien Species in South-Southeast Asia: National Reports &amp; Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa. 111p. (Ref. 51814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51823&amp;speccode=3228'>Tan, B.C. and K.-S. Tan0 Singapore. p. 85-90. In N. Pallewatta, J.K. Reaser and A.T. Gutierrez (eds.) Invasive Alien Species in South-Southeast Asia: National Reports &amp; Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa. 111p. (Ref. 51823)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-881173-76-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51849&amp;speccode=3228'>Lasso, C.A., O.M. Lasso-Alcalá, A. Pombo and M. Smith0 Distribution of fish species among localities during the AquaRAP survey of the Gulf of Paria and Orinoco delta, Venezuela. p. 315-319. In Rapid assessment of the biodeiversity and social aspects of the aquatic ecosystems of the Orinoco delta and the Gulf of Paria, Venezuela. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 37. Conservation International. Washington DC, USA. 360p. (Ref. 51849)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=3228'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52331&amp;speccode=3228'>Seegers, L., L. De Vos and D.O. Okeyo0 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria). J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 92:11-47. (Ref. 52331)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52336&amp;speccode=3228'>Chadderton, W.L., N. Grainger and T. Dean0 Appendix 1 - Prioritising control of invasive freshwater fish. p. 171-174. In Department of Conservation. Managing invasive freshwater fish in New Zealand. Proceedings of a workshop hosted by Department of Conservation, 10-12 May 2001, Hamilton. xiv + 174 p. (Ref. 52336)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52559&amp;speccode=3228'>Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns0 Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2554:iv+89p. (Ref. 52559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52863&amp;speccode=3228'>Okeyo, D.O.0 On the biodiversity and the distribution of freshwater fish of Namibia: an annotated update. p.156-194. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52863)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53249&amp;speccode=3228'>Rixon, C.A.M., I.C. Duggan, N.M.N. Bergeron, A. Ricciardi and H.J. Macisaac0 Invasion risks posed by the aquarium trade and live fish markets on the Laurentian Great Lakes. Biodivers. Conserv. 14:1365-1381. (Ref. 53249)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53301&amp;speccode=3228'>Japan Ministry of Environment0 List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild. Website of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF] accessed 4 February 2005. (Ref. 53301)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53335&amp;speccode=3228'>Avise, J.C., A.G. Jones, D. Walker, J.A. DeWoody, B. Dakin, A. Fiumera, D. Fletcher, M. Mackiwicz, D. Pearse, B. Porter and S.D. Wilkins0 Genetic mating systems and reproductive natural histories of fishes: lessons for ecology and evolution. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36:19-45. (Ref. 53335)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54372&amp;speccode=3228'>McDowall, R.M.0 Further feral poeciliid fish in New Zealand fresh waters, with a key to species. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 33:673-682. (Ref. 54372)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54735&amp;speccode=3228'>Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett and D.T.G. Quigley0 Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) &lt;i&gt;List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles&lt;/i&gt;. J. Fish Biol. 65(Suppl.B):1-40. (Ref. 54735)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-85653-597-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57749&amp;speccode=3228'>Keith, P., G. Marquet, P. Valade, P. Bosc and E. Vigneux0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce des Comores, Mascareignes et Seychelles. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 65:250p. (Ref. 57749)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57970&amp;speccode=3228'>Thomas, R.0 Fishes and ecological aspects in the southern region of Lake Toba and its associated rivers, Sumatra, Indonesia. Malayan Nature Journal 57(1):81-89. (Ref. 57970)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=3228'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58297&amp;speccode=3228'>Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58297)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58302&amp;speccode=3228'>Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58351&amp;speccode=3228'>Contreras-MacBeath, T., H.M. Mojica and R.C. Wilson0 Negative impact on the aquatic ecosystems of the state of Morelos, Mexico from introduced aquarium and other commercial fish. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation. 2:67-78. (Ref. 58351)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58593&amp;speccode=3228'>Evans, J.P. and A.E. Magurran0 Multiple benefits of multiple mating in guppies. PNAS 97(18):10074-10076. (Ref. 58593)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58915&amp;speccode=3228'>Nico, L.G., W.H. Beamish and P. Musikasinthorn0 Discovery of the invasive Mayan Cichlid fish &lt;i&gt;"Cichlasoma" urophthalmus&lt;/i&gt; (Günther 1862) in Thailand, with comments on other introductions and potential impacts. Aquat. Invas. 2(3):197-214. (Ref. 58915)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58971&amp;speccode=3228'>Erdman, D.S.0 Nombres vulgares de los peces en Puerto Rico (Common names of fishes in Puerto Rico). Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Technical report, vol 3. no. 2, second revised edition. 44 p. (Ref. 58971)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=3228'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=74657&amp;speccode=3228'>Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.)0 DIAS. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control. CD-ROM. Rome (Italy): FAO. (Ref. 74657)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=3228'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78572&amp;speccode=3228'>Larson, H.K. and B. Pidgeon0 New records of freshwater fishes from East Timor. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory vol. 20:195-198. (Ref. 78572)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78619&amp;speccode=3228'>Liang, S.-H., L.-C. Chuang and M.-H. Chang0 The pet trade as a source of invasive fish in Taiwan. Taiwania 51(2):93-98. (Ref. 78619)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78985&amp;speccode=3228'>López, R.L., G.S. Maldonado, E.S. Galera, N.H. Camacho, A.O. Zamorano, S.C. Robledo, G.C. Carranza and R.A. Aguilar0 Helminth parasites of viviparous fishes in Mexico. New Life Publications, Homestead, Florida. (Ref. 78985)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79840&amp;speccode=3228'>Louette, M.0 Poissons d'eau douce. p. 231-241. In M. Louette, D. Meirte and R. Jocqué (eds.) La faune terrestre de l'archipel des Comores. Stud. Afrotrop. Zool. 293:456 pp. (Ref. 79840)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79886&amp;speccode=3228'>Uonokai, T. Nakajima and K. Ohara (eds.)0 Activities of Uonokai (Fish survey group): Fish distribution in the watershed of Lake Biwa. Shiga, Japan: Lake Biwa Museum. 233 p. (Ref. 79886)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80052&amp;speccode=3228'>Wolff, W.J.0 Non-indigenous marine and estuarine species in the Netherlands. Zool. Med. Leiden 79(1)31iii.2005:1-116. (Ref. 80052)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81887&amp;speccode=3228'>Mamaril, AC0 Translocation of the clupeid &lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;i&gt; to another lake in the Philippines: A proposal and ecological considerations. pp. 137-147. In CB Santiago, ML Cuvin-Aralar and ZU Basiao (eds). Conservation and Ecological Management of Philippine Lakes in Relation to Fisheries and Aquaculture. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines; Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines; and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Quezon City, Philippines. 187pp. (Ref. 81887)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=82489&amp;speccode=3228'>Vreven, E.J., T. Musschoot, G. Boden and M. Stiassny0 Introduced or alien species of Lower Guinea. p. 57-101. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 82489)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-99956-02-70-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83428&amp;speccode=3228'>Dhora, Dh.0 Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. 208 p. (Ref. 83428)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84762&amp;speccode=3228'>Domínguez-Domínguez, O., R. Pérez-Rodríguez, L.H. Escalera-Vázquez and I. Doadrio0 Two new species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Notropis&lt;/i&gt; Rafinesque, 1817 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from the Lerma River Basin in Central Mexico. Hidrobiológica 19(2):159-172. (Ref. 84762)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=85272&amp;speccode=3228'>Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86296&amp;speccode=3228'>Barbosa, J.M. and E.C. Soares0 Perfil da ictiofauna da Bacia do São Francisco: estudo preliminar. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Pesca 4(1): 155-172. (Ref. 86296)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86414&amp;speccode=3228'>Baldwin, C.C., C.I. Castillo, L.A. Weigt and B.C. Victor0 Seven new species within western Atlantic &lt;i&gt;Starksia atlantica&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. lepicoelia&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;S. sluiteri&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei, Labrisomidae), with comments on congruence of DNA barcodes and species. ZooKeys 79:21-72. (Ref. 86414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86942&amp;speccode=3228'>Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87029&amp;speccode=3228'>Dhora, Dh.0 Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor - Shqip - Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names - Albanian - English). Camaj - Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288. (Ref. 87029)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-9514628-5-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87775&amp;speccode=3228'>Keith, P. and G. Marquet0 Poissons et crustacés d'eau douce de Wallis et Futuna. 120pp. Société Française d'Ichtyologie, Paris, Ed. (Ref. 87775)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-9514628-4-0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87781&amp;speccode=3228'>Keith, P., G. Marquet, C. Lord, D. Kalfatak and E. Vigneux0 Poissons et crustacés d'eau douce du Vanuatu. Société Française d'Ichtyologie, Paris, France, Ed. (Ref. 87781)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87900&amp;speccode=3228'>Kara, H.M.0 Freshwater fish diversity in Algeria with emphasis on alien species. Eur J Wildl Res. (Ref. 87900)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90058&amp;speccode=3228'>Holčik, J.0 Vanishing freshwater fish species of Slovakia. p. 79-86. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 90058)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=91643&amp;speccode=3228'>Monti, D., P. Keith and E. Vigneux0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d’eau douce de Guadeloupe. Heritage Natural 69:128 p. (Ref. 91643)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-85653-627-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=91740&amp;speccode=3228'>Fricke, R., J.L. Earle, R.L. Pyle and B. Séret0 Checklist of the fishes. pp. 383-409. In P. Bouchet, H. Le Guyader and O. Pascal (Eds.) The natural history of Santo. Patrimoines naturels 70. Paris: MNHN; Marseille: IRD; Paris: PNI. (Ref. 91740)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=92228&amp;speccode=3228'>Radhakrishnan, K.V., B.M. Kurup, B.R. Murphy and S.-G. Xie0 Status of alien fish species in the Western Ghats (India) as revealed from 2000-2004 surveys and literature analyses. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:778-784. (Ref. 92228)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93319&amp;speccode=3228'>Poeser, F.N.0 Apropos guppys…  In: VDAArbeitskreis Lebendgebärende Aquarienfische (Hrsg.): viviparos – Das Lebendgebärenden Magazin (11)1:36-40, 56. (Ref. 93319)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94493&amp;speccode=3228'>Bianco, P.G.0 An update on the status of native and exotic freshwater fishes of Italy. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(1):62-77. (Ref. 94493)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94564&amp;speccode=3228'>Maceda-Veiga, A., de Sostoa, A. Escribano-Alacid and E. García-Berthou0 The aquarium trade as a potential source of fish introductions in southwestern Europe. Biol Invasions 15:2707-2716. (Ref. 94564)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105472&amp;speccode=3228'>Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=108093&amp;speccode=3228'>NSS Vertebrate Study Group0 A Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals of Singapore. National Parks. Singapore Government (Ref. 108093)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116968&amp;speccode=3228'>Terra, B.F., F.K. Teixeira and C.F. Rezende0 Length-weight relationships of 10 freshwater fish species from an intermittent river basin, semi- arid region, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:832-834. (Ref. 116968)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116985&amp;speccode=3228'>Ribeiro, C.R.S., D.A.Z. Garcia, A.D.A. Costa, M.H.S. Yabu, A.C.R. Casimiro, A.P. Vidotto-Magnoni and M.L. Orsi0 Length-weight relationships of fish species from Lower Paranapanema River Basin, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1038-1039. (Ref. 116985)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117034&amp;speccode=3228'>Faustino-Fuster, D., J. Chuctaya, R. Quispe and J. Espino0 Length- weight relationships of four freshwater fish species from the coastal drainage system in Peru. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1263-1265. (Ref. 117034)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117038&amp;speccode=3228'>Gurgel-Lourenço, R.C., C.A.S. Rodrigues-Filho, L.A.V. Bezerra and D.S. Garcez0 Length-weight relationships for freshwater fish species from humid forest enclaves at the Brazilian semiarid. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1254-1257. (Ref. 117038)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117837&amp;speccode=3228'>Lévêque, C.0 Les poissons des eaux continentales africaines: diversité, écologie, utilisation par l'homme. IRD Editions, 564 p. (Ref. 117837)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=3228'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118717&amp;speccode=3228'>Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119063&amp;speccode=3228'>Norin, T. and T.D. Clark0 Measurement and relevance of maximum metabolic rate in fishes. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):122-151. (Ref. 119063)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122736&amp;speccode=3228'>Severo-Neto, F., D.A. Lopes, A. Ferreira, B.T. Martínez and F.d.O. Roque0 Length-weight relations of fishes (Actinopterygii) from Karst streams in the Bodoquena Plateau, Western Brazil. Acta Ichthyol. Et Pisc. 48(4):419-422. (Ref. 122736)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124757&amp;speccode=3228'>Wada, H., R. Furuhashi, M. Yamada, T. Fujii, T. Yoshida, K. Wibowo, M. Araki, D. Ito, T. Akaike, R. Nakagawa, S., Shibuya, R. Koreeda, Y. Dewa, I. Mochida and H. Motomura0 First records of 122 fish species from Tokunoshima island, the Amami Islands, Kagoshima, Japan. Ichthy, Natural History of Fishes of Japan 7:35-52. (Ref. 124757)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125501&amp;speccode=3228'>Dhora, D.0 Updated lists of the fish species of Albania's freshwater. Bul. Shk. Ser. Shk. Nat. 2020(70):46-74. (Ref. 125501)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126106&amp;speccode=3228'>Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127520&amp;speccode=3228'>Ramani Shirantha, R R.A.0 A field guide to the fishes in freshwaters in Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation, Colombo. XV + 502 pp. (Ref. 127520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127575&amp;speccode=3228'>Grier, H.J., M.C. Uribe, L.R. Parenti and G. De la Rosa-Cruz0 Fecundity, the germinal epithelium, and folliculogenesis in viviparous fishes. In H.J. Grier and M.C. Uribe (eds.), Viviparous fishes: proceedings of the I and II international symposia on livebearing fishes, Florida: New Life Publications, pp. 193-217. (Ref. 127575)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2350-4757' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128520&amp;speccode=3228'>Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=3228'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128870&amp;speccode=3228'>Bragança, P.H.N. and F.P. Ottoni0 On the availability of the name &lt;i&gt;Poecilia kempkesi&lt;/i&gt; Poeser 2013 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Zootaxa 4927(2):294-296. (Ref. 128870)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129032&amp;speccode=3228'>Chan, J.C.F., A.H.F. Tsang, S.-M. Yau, T.C.H. Hui, A. Lau, H.H. Tan, B.W. Low, D. Dudgeon and J.H. Liew0 The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins. Raffles Bull. Zool. 71:128-168. (Ref. 129032)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129076&amp;speccode=3228'>Esmaeili, H.R. and N. Hamidan0 Inland fishes of the Arabian Peninsula: Review and a revised checklist. Zootaxa 5330(2):201-226. (Ref. 129076)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=131243&amp;speccode=3228'>Manna, L.R., E. Zandonà, P. Oliveira-Cunha and R. Mazzoni0 Length-weight relationships of 24 stream-dwelling fish species from the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 23(3):e20231523. (Ref. 131243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=131244&amp;speccode=3228'>Genovai, N., A.L. Maciel, P.A. Piana and E.A. Gubiani0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 10 fish species from headwater streams of the lower Iguassu River basin, Brazil. Zoologia 41:e23025. (Ref. 131244)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=3228'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-12-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Adults inhabit warm springs and their effluents, weedy ditches and canals (Ref. 5723).  They are found in various habitats, ranging from highly turbid water in ponds, canals and ditches at low elevations to pristine mountain streams at high elevations (Ref. 11225).  They occur in wide variety of habitats with low predation pressure, usually in very small streams and densely vegetated lakes and springs (Ref. 59043).  Their salinity range is wide but requires fairly warm temperatures (23-24 °C) and quiet vegetated water for survival (Ref. 7248, 44894, 79840).  They feed on zooplankton, small insects and detritus.  One of the most popular aquarium fishes with many standardized varieties.  Used in genetics research.  Female reaches 5 cm SL (Ref. 2847).  Males mature at 2 months and females at 3 months of age (Ref. 1672).  Aquarium keeping:  in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 60 cm (Ref. 51539).  A very popular and widely available species in the aquarium trade.  In Australia, wild populations were established prior to the 1970s, undoubtedly the result of thoughtless aquarists discarding unwanted pets (Ref. 44894).  Maximum length for female taken from Ref. 43281.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26855&amp;speccode=3228'>Rodriguez, C.M. 1997 Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Poeciliini (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Copeia 1997(4):663-679. (Ref. 26855)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-04-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-12-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 8;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='9980-85-304-2(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2847&amp;speccode=3228'>Allen, G.R. 1991 Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication, no. 9. 268 p. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 2847)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-02 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-31 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>South America:  Venezuela, Barbados, Trinidad, northern Brazil and the Guyanas.  Widely introduced and established elsewhere, mainly for mosquito control, but had rare to non-existing effects on mosquitoes, and negative to perhaps neutral effects on native fishes (Ref. 12217).  Africa:  Feral populations reported from the coastal reaches of Natal rivers from Durban southwards, as well as in the Kuruman Eye and Lake Otjikoto in Namibia (Ref. 7248).  Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='92-5-102664-5.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1739&amp;speccode=3228'>Welcomme, R.L. 1988 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-12-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=3228'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1672&amp;speccode=3228'>Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-12-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Males are about half the size of females with colorful tail and caudal fin; the anal fin is transformed into a gonopodium for internal fertilization. Males are continuously chasing and mating females. Females can store sperms for later fertilization and may produce young every four weeks. Pregnant females are recognizable by black triangle between anal and pelvic fins. After a gestation period of four to six weeks females give birth to 20-40 live young. No parental care is exercised and parents may even prey on their young.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7471&amp;speccode=3228'>Balon, E.K. 1990 Epigenesis of an epigeneticist: the development of some alternative concepts on the early ontogeny and evolution of fishes. Guelph Ichthyol. Rev. 1:1-48. (Ref. 7471)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1997-04-08 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-12-11 23:20:45</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>reticulata</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Occurs in warm springs and their effluents, weedy ditches and canals (Ref. 5723).  Found in various habitats, ranging from highly turbid water in ponds, canals and ditches at low elevations to pristine mountain streams at high elevations (Ref. 11225).  Has a wide salinity range but requires fairly warm temperatures (23-24 °C) and quiet vegetated water for survival (Ref. 7248, 79840).  Feeds on zooplankton, small insects and detritus. Feeds mainly on insects (Ref. 6154).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6154&amp;speccode=3228'>Arthington, A.H. 1989 Diet of &lt;i&gt;Gambusia affinis holbrooki&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Xiphophorus helleri&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;X. maculatus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Poecilia reticulata&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces: Poeciliidae) in streams of southeastern Queensland, Australia. Asian Fish. Sci. 2:193-212. (Ref. 6154)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-12-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>5.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); 6 cm SL (female)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=3228'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-462</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2002-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2002-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Aontheca Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=3228'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-733</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-09-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-832</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases</subject>
	<dc:description>Camallanus Infection 12. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46699&amp;speccode=3228'>Bunkley-Williams, L. and E.H. Williams Jr. 2002 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical region. (Book review). Caribb. J. Sci. 38(3-4):289-294. (Ref. 46699)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-185</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Columnaris Disease (e.). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-127</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Columnaris Disease (l.). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-1162</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-01-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Congenital Deformities. Others</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-359</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2002-08-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-12-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Cryptobia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26129&amp;speccode=3228'>Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-865</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-05-02 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-05-02 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Eustrongylides Infestation 2 (Larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46699&amp;speccode=3228'>Bunkley-Williams, L. and E.H. Williams Jr. 2002 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical region. (Book review). Caribb. J. Sci. 38(3-4):289-294. (Ref. 46699)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-153</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-6</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Fin-rot Disease (late stage). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-1149</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Fish tuberculosis (FishMB). Bacterial diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-409</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-12-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Ichthyobodo Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-580</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2005-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2005-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Lernaea Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45120&amp;speccode=3228'>Lopez, N.C. 2001 Parasitic crustaceans in fishes from some Philippine lakes. p.75-79. In C.B. Santiago, M.L. Cuvin-Aralar and Z.U. Basiao (eds) Conservation and ecological management of Philippine lakes in relation to fisheries and aquaculture. SEAFDEC, Aquacult. Dept., Iloilo,Phil., PCAMRD, Los Baños, Lag., &amp; BFAR Q.C. Phil.,187p. (Ref. 45120)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-188</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-12-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-12-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>Nematode Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-63</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>Skin Flukes. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-366</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-08-23 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-09-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Skin Fungi (Saprolegnia sp.). Fungal diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='90-807831-5-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41805&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-729</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-09-24 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-12-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Tetrahymena Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-1152</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-10-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-11-03 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Viral Diseases (general). Viral diseases</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48502&amp;speccode=3228'>Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st  Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-3228-14</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2005-06-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2005-06-01 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=3228&amp;StockCode=3424</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>White spot Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45600&amp;speccode=3228'>Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-3228</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-12-12 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3228</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126106&amp;speccode=3228'>Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)</reference></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>