FB-2692 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Stenodus Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772) Nelma Azad Mahi Volga Inkonu Mahi Ziba Safid Mahi Bialorybica Nelma Hvidlaks Weißlachs Beloribitsa Connie Conny Inconnu Sheefish Kaspia valgesiig Nelma Inconnu Sténode blanc Higaq Sii Si Si-airryuk Sierak Sigaq Siiraq Teirark Tiktalerk Beloribitsa Nel'ma белорыбица Нельма (=белорыбица) Siklax Vitlax Нельма Salmon Blanco Bela ozimica siigruaq Shryuh آزاد ماهي زيبا 北鮭 北鲑 長頜北鮭 长颌北鲑 Salmo leucichthys Güldenstädt, 1772 Salmo mackenzii Richardson, 1823 Salmo nelma (non Pallas, 1773) Stenodus leucichthys leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772) Stenodus leucichthys mackenzii (Richardson, 1823) Stenodus mackenzii (Richardson, 1823) 1991-05-01 2014-03-14 Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. 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(Ref. 138280) FB-GeneralDescr-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Adults occur in coastal brackish waters near mouths of rivers, but usually in rivers or some land-locked lakes (Ref. 4779). At the sea, they are found throughout basin in pelagic zone with temperatures below 18° C and 20-50 m deep (Ref. 59043). Juveniles and adults overwinter and forage at the sea. Encountered in large lowland rivers during migration (Ref. 59043). Adults feed mostly on small fishes; young eat aquatic insect larvae and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 4779). During spawning migration, it feeds little if at all (Ref. 27547). Mature individuals spawn on gravel shallows (Ref. 59043). Flesh is white, sweet and slightly oily (Ref. 27547). Sold fresh or frozen. Svetovidov, A.N. 1984 Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-04-14 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Distinguished by its large mouth, the protruding lower jaw, and the presence of only 13 to 17 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fin high and pointed; pelvic fins with well developed axillary process (Ref. 27547). Generally silvery, with the back usually rather green, blue or pale brown; silvery white below; dorsal and caudal fins have dusky margins, other fins pale (Ref. 27547). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Morphology-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-04-14 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 19; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 14 - 19; Vertebrae: 63 - 69 Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Distribution-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 North America: Arctic drainages from Anderson River in Northwest Territories, Canada to Kuskokwim River (Bering Sea tributary) in Alaska. Upstream in Mackenzie River and Yukon River drainages to British Columbia, Canada (Ref. 5723). Eurasia: Caspian Sea (common in central and southern Caspian in summer), Volga, Ural and Terak drainages (Ref. 59043). Hybridization with Coregonus nelsoni, Coregonus autumnalis and Coregonus muksun are due more to the broadcasting of eggs and sperm rather than pairing between species or genera (Ref. 27547). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-Uses-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Alt, K.T. 1988 Biology and management of inconnu (<i>Stenodus leucichthys</i>) in Alaska. Finnish Fish. Res. 9:127-132. Alt, K.T. 1988 Biology and management of inconnu (<i>Stenodus leucichthys</i>) in Alaska. Finnish Fish. Res. 9:127-132. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-LifeCycle-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2692&StockCode=2888 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Upstream migration from wintering areas begins at ice break-up. Early upstream movement may be associated with feeding, but movement soon becomes a definite migration to the spawning area. Spawning begins at dusk, and continuing well into the night. A female accompanied by a male, swims to the surface near the upstream end of the spawning ground. She rapidly moves across the current, extruding her eggs. The male, stays below the female so that as the eggs sink, sperm released, fertilizes the eggs. After completing a spawning pass, the female drifts downstream. She may repeat the spawning act over the downstream portion of the spawning area or may move upstream to the head of the grounds before releasing more eggs. Following spawning, there is a fairly rapid downstream migration to wintering grounds (Ref. 27547). It is not certain if spawning occurs annually or at longer intervals (Ref. 27547). Russian fish appear to spawn only every third or fourth year (Ref. 28219). Spawning frequency at Selawik, Alaska may be every other year (Ref. 27547). Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) FB-TrophicStrategy-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-04-08 00:00:00 2007-07-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public leucichthys http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs in coastal brackish waters near mouths of rivers, but usually in rivers or some land-locked lakes (Ref. 4779). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Adults feed mostly on small fishes; young eat aquatic insect larvae and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 4779). Adults are found in upper reaches of rivers while young ones are in lower reaches (Ref. 45563). Svetovidov, A.N. 1984 Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779) FB-Size-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 150 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4574)); max. published weight: 40.0 kg (Ref. 10318); max. reported age: 22 years (Ref. 4576) Dymond, J.R. 1943 The coregonine fishes of northwestern Canada. Trans. R. Can. Inst. 24(2):171-231. (Ref. 4574) Wynne-Edwards, V.C. 1952 Fishes of the Arctic and subarctic. p. 5-24. In freshwater vertebrates of the Arctic and subarctic. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada Bull. 94: 28 p. (Ref. 10318) Nikolskii, G.V. 1954 Special ichthyology. (Rev. 1961). Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 358 p. J.I. Lengy and Z. Krauthamer, translators. (Ref. 4576) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2692 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size demersal; anadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - ? m (Ref. 4779) Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) Svetovidov, A.N. 1984 Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779)