FB-2678 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Coregonus Coregonus sardinella Valenciennes, 1848 Sielawa syberyjska Sardinhelt Big-eye Mackenzie herring Cisco Lake herring Least cisco Sardine cisco Siberian cisco Siberi rääbis Siperianmuikku Siperiansiika Cisco sardinelle Amagiak Anma Anmaglak Armagiak Kalushak Kapahilik Kraaktak Qaaktak Qaluhaq Qanktaq Qaqtak Belomorskaya ryapushka Sibirskaya ryapushka ряпушка сибирская сибирская ряпушка Arktisk siklöja Ряпушка anuutituuq iqalusaaq qalusraaq qalutchiaq 小白鮭 小白鲑 Argyrosomus pusillus (Bean, 1889) Coregonus merkii Günther, 1866 Coregonus pusillus Bean, 1889 Leucichthys pusillus (Bean, 1889) Leucichthys sardinella (Valenciennes, 1848) 1991-05-01 2013-12-02 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. 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Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) GoY, Government of Yukon0 Yukon freshwater fishes. Wildlife Viewing Program, Environment Yukon. Whitehorse (YU, Canada): Government of Yukon, 32 p. (Ref. 119011) Tonn, W., H. Swanson, C. Paszkowski, J. Hanisch and L. Chavarie0 Northern North America. p. 85-100. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119194) Fruge, D.J., D.W. Wiswar, L.J. Dugan and D.E. Palmer0 Fish population characteristics of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal waters, summer 1988. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Progress Report, Fairbanks, AK: USFWS. (Ref. 120432) The Joint Secretariat0 Inuvialuit harvest study: data and methods report 1988-1997. Available from IRC, Box, 2120. (Ref. 121105) Thorsteinson, L.K. and M.S. Love0 Alaska Arctic marine fish ecology catalog. Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038. (Ref. 121277) Thorsteinson, L.K., L.E. Jarvela and D.A. Hale0 Arctic fish habitat use investigations: nearshore studies in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. pp. 349-485. In R. A. Homer, M. McGurk, D. Warburton, T. Parker, and M. Litke (eds.) Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program. Final Reports of Principal Investigators, 71. No. PB-91-140434/XAB. National Ocean Service, Anchorage, AK (USA). (Ref. 122392) Dolgov, A.V.0 Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fish of the Kara Sea. J. Ichthyol. 53(11):914-922. (Ref. 124011) NOAA0 Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf. Final Reports of Principal Investigators 7:678p. (Ref. 124299) Johnson, S.W., J.F. Thedinga, A.D. Neff and C.A. Hoffman0 Fish fauna in nearshore waters of a Barrier Island in the western Beaufort Sea, Alaska. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-210, 28p. (Ref. 125579) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-GeneralDescr-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Adults occur in coastal waters, estuaries, large lakes and rivers (Ref. 5723). Lake-dwelling populations appear to be non-migratory, while those found in streams or brackish water move considerable distances to reach or leave spawning sites (Ref. 27547). Semi-anadromous populations forage in estuaries, lower courses of rivers, backwaters and lakes (Ref. 59043). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feed on planktonic crustaceans and insects (Ref. 1998); also plant material (Ref. 27547) and fishes (Ref. 58426). Do not usually feed during its spawning run (Ref. 28219, 28860, 28861). Migratory forms are observed to live longer than fresh water forms (Ref. 1998). Spawn in deep pools on sand and gravel (Ref. 59043). Flesh is said to be tasty (Ref. 1998). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-04 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Body elongate, somewhat compressed laterally, greatest body depth at front of dorsal fin. Head about 19 - 24 % of total length; eyes large; snout length usually less than eye diameter; mouth moderate, terminal, lower jaw always protruding, maxillary at a distinct angle, extending posteriorly to below anterior half of the eye; a small cluster of teeth present on the tongue. Overall coloration silvery, usually brown to dark green on the back, becoming silvery on sides and below. The small non-anadromous form that remains in fresh water is without spotting on the back and only the pelvic fins have black pigment on the tips., the remaining fins are unpigmented. The larger, anadromous form has dark spots on the head, back, dorsal, and adipose fins, and sometimes, on the pectoral fins; all fins have usually dark pigment on the tips. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Morphology-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-04 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 14; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 10 - 13; Vertebrae: 58 - 64 Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Distribution-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription North America: Murchison River, Canada to Bristol Bay, Alaska; ascends Yukon River to British Columbia, and Mackenzie River to Fort Simpson (Ref. 5723). Asia: Bering Sea, Chukot land and Kolyma River to Kara River on the northern end of the Urals (Ref. 593). Lakes and lower course of large rivers of Arctic Ocean basin from Pechora drainage to eastern Siberia (Ref. 59043). Belongs to Coregonus artedi complex. Occasionally hybridizes with Coregonus nelsoni (Ref. 27547). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) FB-Uses-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Nikolskii, G.V. 1961 Special ichthyology. Israel Program for Scientific Translations. 538 p. (Ref. 28219) Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Migration-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2678&StockCode=2874 Spawning occurs at night, peaking between 8 pm and midnight. A female spawns almost vertically upward, with her ventral side upstream. She is joined by as many as five males who swim vertically and close to her. As the spawners approach the surface, eggs and milt are released. The fish break the surface, fall over backward, and swim back to the bottom of the pool (Ref. 27547). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-TrophicStrategy-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-03-25 00:00:00 2007-07-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public sardinella http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Occurs in coastal waters, estuaries, large lakes and rivers (Ref. 5723). Lake-dwelling populations appear to be non-migratory, while those found in streams or brackish water move considerable distances to reach or leave spawning sites (Ref. 27547). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on planktonic crustaceans and insects (Ref. 1998); also plant material (Ref. 27547) and fishes (Ref. 58426). Does not usually feed during its spawning run (Ref. 28219, 28860, 28861). Migratory forms are observed to live longer than fresh water forms (Ref. 1998). Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Size-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 47.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723)); max. published weight: 555 g (Ref. 593); max. reported age: 26 years (Ref. 1998) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) Berg, L.S. 1962 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593) Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2678 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-02 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2678 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; marine Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)