FB-2669 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Coregonus Coregonus autumnalis (Pallas, 1776) Omul Síh bajkalský Polan Arktisk helt Arktische Wandermaräne Arctic cisco Blue herring Herring Pollan Salmon-herring Omul Omulsiika Cisco arctique Amagiak Anma Anmagiak Armagiak Kaktak Kapisilik Kraaktak Qaaktak Qaaktaq Qaluhaq Qanktaq Qaqtak Omul Омуль Sih omul Omul qaaktaq qaaqtaq qaatag Treeluk 秋(凹目)白鲑 秋白鮭 秋白鲑 Coregonus autumnalis autumnalis (Pallas, 1776) Goregonus autumnalis (Pallas, 1776) Salmo autumnalis Pallas, 1776 1991-05-01 2010-07-07 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Berg, L.S.0 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593) Wilson, J.P.F. and T.J. Pitcher0 Age determination and growth of the pollan, <i>Coregonus autumnalis pollan</i> Thompson, of Lough Neagh, northern Ireland. J. Fish Biol. 24(2):151-163. (Ref. 1489) Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman0 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) Thurston, R.V. and P.C. Gehrke0 Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. p. 95-108. In R.C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.) Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, California, USA, September 18-19, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157. (Ref. 2120) Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer (eds.)0 Respiration and circulation. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, U.S.A. (Ref. 2203) Wohlschlag, D.E.0 Differences in metabolic rates of migratory and resident freshwater forms on an arctic whitefish. Ecology 38(3):502. (Ref. 2274) Svetovidov, A.N.0 Salmonidae. p. 145-151. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3134) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Lockwood, S.F. and J.W. Bickham0 Genome size in Beaufort Sea coastal assemblages of Arctic ciscoes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 121(1):13-20. (Ref. 4526) Svetovidov, A.N.0 Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779) Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) Bristow, P.0 The illustrated encyclopedia of fishes. Chancellor Press, London. 303 p. (Ref. 5504) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723) Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell0 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. (Ref. 6258) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Holcík, J.0 Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23. 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(Ref. 118628) GoY, Government of Yukon0 Yukon freshwater fishes. Wildlife Viewing Program, Environment Yukon. Whitehorse (YU, Canada): Government of Yukon, 32 p. (Ref. 119011) Tonn, W., H. Swanson, C. Paszkowski, J. Hanisch and L. Chavarie0 Northern North America. p. 85-100. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119194) Fruge, D.J., D.W. Wiswar, L.J. Dugan and D.E. Palmer0 Fish population characteristics of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal waters, summer 1988. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Progress Report, Fairbanks, AK: USFWS. (Ref. 120432) Gwich’in Renewable Resource Board0 Gwich’in Harvest Study Final Report. Gwich’in Renewable Resource Board. Inuvik, NT, 164 pages. (Ref. 121104) The Joint Secretariat0 Inuvialuit harvest study: data and methods report 1988-1997. Available from IRC, Box, 2120. (Ref. 121105) Thorsteinson, L.K. and M.S. Love0 Alaska Arctic marine fish ecology catalog. Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038. (Ref. 121277) Bolshakova, Y.Y. and D.V. Bolshakov0 Ichthyofauna of the eastern coast bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Oceanology 58(2):228-232. (Ref. 123027) NOAA0 Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf. Final Reports of Principal Investigators 7:678p. (Ref. 124299) Wismar, D.W., R.L. West and W.N. Winkleman0 Fisheries Investigation in Oruktalik Lagoon, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1986. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Resource Office. Alaska Fisheries Technical Report 30, 43 p. (Ref. 125478) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corush, J.B.0 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-GeneralDescr-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults occur in brackish waters (20-22 ppt) of coastal lagoons and mouths of rivers and bays (Ref. 4779, 59043). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Food consists of small crustaceans, insects, small fishes (Ref. 28219, 28857), worms and clams (Ref. 58426, 59043). No feeding occurs during the upstream migration (Ref. 4779). Lives 10 -12 years, rarely up to 20 (Ref. 59043). Mature individuals enter rivers in shoals to spawn (Ref. 4779). They spend 6-8 years at sea before maturing and returning to rivers in June - July, to spawn in September - October of same year. A second run in autumn; those fishes remain a year in rivers before spawning. They move far upstream, sometimes up to 1500 km, spawn in shallow tributaries with some current in well oxygenated water over gravel bottom. Individual females do not spawn every year; only 2-3 times during entire life. After spawning adults return directly to sea. Embryonic development lasts up to 7 months. Alevins migrate downstream in May - June (Ref. 59043). Collected by fyke nets (Ref. 4526). An important commercial species but catches and abundance are markedly reduced in recent years (Ref. 59043). Wheeler, A. 1992 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-03 00:00:00 1999-04-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 Distinguished by the pale or colorless pelvic fins, a terminal mouth and the presence of 41 to 48 gill rakers on the 1st gill arch (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fairly high and slightly falcate; pelvic with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Brown to dark greenish above fading to silvery on sides and belly; fins pale (Ref. 27547). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Morphology-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-03-03 00:00:00 1999-04-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 - 14; Vertebrae: 64 - 67 Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-Distribution-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2024-11-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 Europe: All drainages (except Ob and Baikal) of Arctic Ocean in Eurasia from Mezen eastward. North America: Cape Barrow to Coronation Bay. Introduced in many localities of former USSR, but not established (Ref. 59043). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell 1992 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. (Ref. 6258) FB-Migration-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-LifeCycle-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2669&StockCode=2865 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Mature adults migrate upstream in the summer and may cover as much as 1,000 km (Ref. 28219) to spawn over gravel in fairly swift water. After spawning, adults return downstream. Young probably hatch in the spring and descend rivers into estuaries (Ref. 27547). Coregonus autumnalis do not breed yearly (Ref. 28219, 28220). Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) FB-TrophicStrategy-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1998-06-23 00:00:00 2007-07-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public autumnalis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Occurs in brackish waters (20-22 ppt) of coastal lagoons and mouths of rivers and bays (Ref. 4779). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Enters rivers in shoals to spawn (Ref. 4779). Feeds on small crustaceans, insects, small fishes (Ref. 28219, 28857), worms and clams (Ref. 58426). No feeding occurs during the upstream migration (Ref. 4779). Collected by fyke nets (Ref. 4526). Bond, W.A. and R.N. Erickson 1993 Fisheries investigations in coastal waters of Liverpool Bay, Northwest Territories. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2204: vi + 51 p. (Ref. 12624) FB-Size-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 65.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 59043) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2669 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280)