FB-2582 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Myliobatidae Myliobatis Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 Californisk ørnerokke Bat eagle ray Bat ray Kalifornia kotkasrai Aigle de mer técolette Raya gavilán Raya murciélago Tecolote Californische adelaarsrog Kalifornijski morski golob 加州鱝 加州鲼 Holorhinus californicus (Gill, 1865) Myliobatis californicus Gill, 1865 Rhinoptera encenadae Smith, 1886 Rhinoptera vespertilio Girard, 1856 1991-05-01 2024-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Halstead, B.W., P.S. Auerbach and D.R. Campbell0 A colour atlas of dangerous marine animals. Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd, W.S. Cowell Ltd, Ipswich, England. 192 p. (Ref. 4690) Halstead, B.W.0 Dangerous marine animals. Cornell Maritime Press, Inc., Maryland, U.S.A. (Ref. 4716) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara0 Myliobatidae. Aguilas marinas. p. 765-768. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9257) Ferguson, A. and G. Cailliet0 Sharks and rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, USA. 64 p. (Ref. 12091) Asahida, T., H. Ida, H. Terashima and H.-Y. Chang0 The karyotype and cellular DNA content of a ray, <i>Mobula japonica</i>. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 40(3):317-322. (Ref. 12327) Asahida, T., H. Ida and S. Inoue0 Karyotypes of three rays in the Order Myliobatiformes. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 33(4):426-430. (Ref. 12600) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Parsons, C.0 Dangerous marine animals of the Pacific coast. Helm Publishing, San Luis Obispo, California. 96 p. (Ref. 13513) Anonymous0 Atlas pesquero de México. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. 234 p. (Ref. 26550) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg0 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023) Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and H. Espinosa Perez0 Listados faunísticos de México. VII. Catálogo sistemático de las rayas y especies afines de México. (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes: Batoideiomorpha). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico. 75 p. (Ref. 28767) Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) Schwartz, R.J. and M.B. Maddock0 Comparisons of karyotypes and cellular DNA contents within and between major lines of elasmobranchs. In T. Uyeno, R. Arai, T. Taniuchi, and K. Matsuura (eds). Indo Pacific Fish Biology, Tokyo, Ichthyol. Soc. of Japan p.148-157. (Ref. 34328) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Hinegardner, R.T.0 The cellular DNA content of sharks, rays, and some other fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55B:367-370. (Ref. 34654) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Martin, L.K. and G.M. Cailliet0 Age and growth determination of the bat ray, <i>Myliobatis californica</i> Gill, in central California. Copeia 1988(3):762-773. (Ref. 43028) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Florida Museum of Natural History0 Biological profiles: bat ray. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/BatRay/BatRay.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55258) Shanks, A.L. and G.L. Eckert0 Population persistence of California Current fishes and benthic crustaceans: a marine drift paradox. Ecol. Monogr. 75:505-524. (Ref. 56049) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Lamb, A. and P. Edgell0 Coastal fishes of the Pacific northwest. Revised and expanded second edition. Madeira Park (BC, Canada): Harbour Publishing Co. Ltd., 335 p. (Ref. 94401) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) White, W.T. and G.J.P. Naylor0 Resurrection of the family Aetobatidae (Myliobatiformes) for the pelagic eagle rays, genus <i>Aetobatus</i>. Zootaxa 4139(3):435-438. (Ref. 109645) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Ehemann, N.R., X.A. Pérez-Palafox, P. Mora-Zamacona, M.I. Burgos-Vázquez, A.F. Navia, P.A. Mejía-Falla and V.H. Cruz-Escalona0 Size-weight relationships of batoids captured by artisanal fishery in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1051-1054. (Ref. 116975) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Curran, S.S., C.K. Blend and R.M. Overstreet0 <i>Anaporrhutum euzeti</i> sp. n. (Gorgoderidae: Anaporrhutinae) from rays in the Gulf of California, Mexico. pp. 225-234: In C Combes and J. Jourdane (Ed.). Taxonomy, Ecology and Evolution of Metazoan Parasites, Livre hommage a Louis Euzet, Presses Universitaires de Perpignan. (Ref. 121175) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Matern, S.A., J.J. Cech Jr. and T.E. Hopkins0 Diel movements of bat rays, <i>Myliobatis californica</i>, in Tomales Bay, California: evidence for behavioral thermoregulation? Environ. Biol. Fish. 58:173-182. (Ref. 129287) FB-pic-2582-4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-30 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mycal_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Mycal_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Commonly found in sandy and muddy bays and sloughs, also on rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Sometimes buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Found singly or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bivalves, snails, polychaetes, shrimps, and crabs (Ref. 9257). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Not fished commercially, but shows up as by-catch species (Ref. 9257). McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara 1995 Myliobatidae. Aguilas marinas. p. 765-768. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9257) FB-Distribution-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Eastern Pacific: Oregon, USA to Gulf of California (Ref. 2850) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 28023). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Uses-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums Ferguson, A. and G. Cailliet 1990 Sharks and rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, USA. 64 p. (Ref. 12091) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Ferguson, A. and G. Cailliet 1990 Sharks and rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, USA. 64 p. (Ref. 12091) FB-LifeCycle-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2582&StockCode=2778 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-01-24 00:00:00 2001-05-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public californica http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Also in Ref. 9137. Talent, L.G. 1982 Food habits of the gray smoothhound, <i>Mustelus californicus</i>, the brown smoothhound, <i>Mustelus henlei</i>, the shovelnose guitarfish, <i>Rhinobatos productus</i>, and the bat ray, <i>Myliobatis californica</i>, in Elkhorn Slough, California. Calif. Fish Game 68(4):224-234. FB-Size-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 180 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)); max. published weight: 82.1 kg (Ref. 40637) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2582 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 108 m (Ref. 96339) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson 2005 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339)