FB-2553 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Torpediniformes Torpedinidae Tetronarce Tetronarce nobiliana (Bonaparte, 1835) Dretwa brunatna Arrraia Raia Tremelga Tremelga-negra Torpedo Atlantiese drilvis Peshk elektrik i zeshkët Piskë Atlantický rejnok elektrický Tremula nera Morgath drydan Sort elektrisk rokke Sort elrokke Dunkler Zitterrochen Schwarzer Zitterrochen Zitterrochen Atlantic electric ray Atlantic New British torpedo Atlantic torpedo Black torpedo Crampfish Dark electric ray Electric ray Electricfish Great torpedo Numbfish Torpedo Tume elektrirai Silmäsähkörausku Sysisähkörausku Torpille Torpille noire Torpille noire stupéfiante Drhtulja Sgranfo Torpedine nera Tremolo grando Tremula 'mpiriale Tremula nira Anko-shibire-ei Haddiela mdahhna Haddiela samra Haddiela sewda Darrocka Elektrik balığı Uyuşturan balık Esturpillo Temblador de mar Temblaera Tremblador negro Torpedo de lo alto Torpedo del Atlántico Tremolina negra Trimielga negra Vaca temblaera Atlantski električni skat Mavromoudiastra Peste torpila Sidderrog Vaca negra Vaca negrosa Zwarte sidderrog Μάργα Μαργωτήρα Μαυρομουδιάστρα Μουδιάστρα 地中海电鲼 地中海電鱝 珍電鰩 珍电鳐 Narcacion nobilianus (Bonaparte, 1835) Narcobatus nobilianus (Bonaparte, 1835) Torpedo emarginata McCoy, 1841 Torpedo hebetans Lowe, 1838 Torpedo nigra Guichenot, 1850 Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835 Torpedo nobilianus Bonaparte, 1835 Torpedo nobililana Bonaparte, 1835 Torpedo walshii Thompson, 1856 1991-05-01 2024-08-12 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Coull, K.A., A.S. Jermyn, A.W. Newton, G.I. Henderson and W.B. Hall0 Length/weight relationships for 88 species of fish encountered in the North Atlantic. Scottish Fish. Res. Rep. (43):80 p. (Ref. 268) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Antony Raja, B.T.0 Possible explanation for the fluctuation in abundance of the Indian oil sardine <i>Sardinella longiceps</i> Valenciennes. p. 241-252. In Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council. Proceedings of the 15th Session, Wellington, New Zealand, 18-27 October 1972. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Far East, Bangkok, Thailand. (Ref. 1476) Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Torpedinidae. p. 112-113. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2712) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel0 Torpedinidae. p. 159-162. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2803) Irvine, F.R.0 The fishes and fisheries of the Gold Coast. The Crown Agents of the Colonies, London. 352 p. (Ref. 3026) Bianchi, G.0 Fichas FAO de identifacao de espécies para propósitos comerciais. Guia de campo para as espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Angola. Preparado com o apoio da NORAD e da FAO (FIRM) Programa Regular, FAO, Rome. 184 p. (Ref. 3166) Bauchot, M.-L.0 Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter0 Torpedinidae. p. 55-58. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4430) Post, A.0 Alepisauridae. p. 387-388. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4476) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) Maigret, J. and B. Ly0 Les poissons de mer de Mauritanie. Science Nat., Compiègne. 213 p. (Ref. 5377) López-Abellán, L.J. and E. de Cárdenas0 Resultados de la campaña de prospeccion pesquera de los stocks de crustaceos en aguas de la Republica de Angola 'Angola 8903'. Inf. Téc. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. No. 89. 140 p. (Ref. 5512) Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott0 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Ofori-adu, D.W.0 List of fishes, shellfishes and other marine food resources in the Ghanaian coastal waters. Mar. Fish. Res. Tech. Pap. No. 1. 43 p. (Ref. 6810) Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder0 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones0 Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir No. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. (Ref. 9488) Lindsey, C.C.0 Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. p. 1-100. In W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall (eds.) Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, New York. (Ref. 9574) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Flintegård, H.0 Fishes in the North Sea Museum's aquaria. North Sea Museum, North Sea Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals. Hirtshals Bogtryk/Offset A/S. (Ref. 9900) Møller, P.R.0 Electric fishes: history and behavior. Chapman & Hall, London. 584 p. (Ref. 10011) Bennett, M.V.L.0 Modes of operation of electric organs. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 94:458-509. (Ref. 10480) Wilson, D.0 Notes from the Plymouth aquarium II. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 32:199-208. (Ref. 10574) Heemstra, P.C.0 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228) Coad, B.W.0 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204) Göthel, H.0 Fauna marina del Mediterráneo. Ediciones Omega, S.A., Barcelona. 319 p. (Ref. 12382) Shao, K.-T.0 A checklist of fishes recorded in Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan. Unpublished database, version of April 1997. (Ref. 12711) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.)0 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) Amori, G., F.M. Angelici, S. Frugis, G. Gandolfi, R. Groppali, B. Lanza, G. Relini and G. Vicini0 Vertebrata. In A. Minelli, S. Ruffo and S. La Posta (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana, 110. Calderini, Bologna, 83 p. (Ref. 13729) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Costa, F.0 Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milano, Italy. 438 p. (Ref. 26335) Claro, R.0 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalização estatística). Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 14:322 p. (Ref. 26388) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265p. (Ref. 27121) Went, A.E.J.0 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p. (Ref. 28679) Krefft, G. and M. Stehmann0 Torpedinidae. p. 55-57. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 31151) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407) Soljan, T.0 I pesci dell'Adriatico. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Verona, Italy. (Ref. 33798) Lanfranco, G.G.0 The fish around Malta (Central Mediterranean). Progress Press Co. Ltd. (Malta). 132 p. (Ref. 33971) Afonso, P., F.M. Porteiro, R.S. Santos, J.P. Barreiros, J. Worms and P. Wirtz0 Coastal marine fishes of São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea). Arquipélago 17(A):65-92. (Ref. 34088) Osório, B.0 Estudos ichtyológicos acerca da fauna dos domínios portugueses na Africa, 3a nota: Peixes marítimos das ilhas de S. Thomé, do Princípe e ilhéo das Rolas. J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. 2(6):97-139. (Ref. 34498) Osório, B.0 Da distribuição geográfica dos peixes e crustáceos colhidos nas possessões portuguesas da África Occidental e existentes no Museu Nacional de Lisboa. J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. 5(19):185-207. (Ref. 34503) Alegre, M., J. Lleonart and J. Veny0 Espècies pesqueres d'interès comercial. Nomenclatura oficial catalana. Departament de Cultura, Generalitat Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. (Ref. 35117) Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro and J.P. Barreiros0 Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. 244 p. (Ref. 35204) Zaneveld, J.S.0 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean). E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p. (Ref. 35205) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. (Ref. 36731) Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein0 Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p. (Ref. 37512) Carvalho-Filho, A.0 Peixes: costa Brasileira. 3rd ed. Melro, São Paulo. 320 p. (Ref. 37819) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Stancioiu, S.0 Ihtiologie sistematica. MEI-Universitatea din Galati, Atelierul de multiplicare-legatorie, Cda. Nr. 1785/3,03,86. (Ref. 39152) de Jong, A.F. and R.G. Verhulst0 Some rare fishes from the Dutch North Sea. Deinsea 2:83-87. (Ref. 39214) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of CSIC. CSIC, Spain. (Ref. 39328) Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Østergaard, T.A.S.0 List of marine fishes and common names. Personal communication (ID #575). (Ref. 40942) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474) Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475) Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476) Sammut, R.0 Mediterranean sea fishes (Central Region). Qormi: SRT Press, 203 p. (Ref. 41523) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Check-list of marine fishes of Greece. Fauna Graeciae IV, 257 p. (Ref. 48657) Fock, H., F. Uiblein, F. Köster and H. von Westernhagen0 Biodiversity and species-environment relationships of the demersal fish assemblage at the Great Meteor Seamount (subtropical NE Atlantic), sampled by different trawls. Mar. Biol. 141:185-199. (Ref. 49677) Wigley, S.E., H.M. McBride and N.J. McHugh0 Length-weight relationships for 74 fish species collected during NEFSC research vessel bottom trawl surveys, 1992-99. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE-171. 26 p. (Ref. 49746) McEachran, J.D. and M.R. de Carvalho0 Order Torpediniformes. Torpedinidae. Electric rays (torpedoes, AFS: torpedo electric rays). p. 515-517. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. (Ref. 50174) Quignard, J.P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345) Anonymous0 Welsh names of animals and plants: I Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. p.17-26. In W.B.L. Evans (ed.) Cyfres enwan (creaduriaid a phlauhigion: I creaduriaid asgwrn-cefn pysgod, amffibiaid, ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid. Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd. (Ref. 50359) Borges, T.C., S. Olim and K. Erzini0 Weight-length relationship for fish species discarded in commercial fisheries of the Algarve (southern Portugal). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19(6):394-396. (Ref. 50427) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675) Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.)0 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. (Ref. 51024) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) George, M.0 Haie, Rochen und Chimären in der Nord- und Ostsee. Elasmoskop 8(1):10-16. (Ref. 52268) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783) Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa 113(1):1-194. (Ref. 57855) Mercader, L., D. Lloris and J. Rucabado0 Tots els peixos del mar Catala. Diagnosis I claus d'identifucació. Institut D'estudis Catalans. Barcelona. 350p. (Ref. 57922) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Plejic, T.0 Fische der Adria. Das romanische Element in der kroatischen Ichthyofauna. Mit Glossar der Adriafische Kroatisch-Englisch-Deutsch-Italienisch. Diploma Thesis. University of Leipzig Institute of Applied Linguistics and Translational Studies. (Ref. 58723) George, M.R. and H. Zidowitz0 Checkliste der europäischen Knorpelfischarten mit wissenschaftlichen und deutschen Namen. Z. Fischk. Bd. 8 Heft 1/2:71-81. (Ref. 74429) Wirtz, P., R. Fricke and M.J. Biscoito0 The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715:1-26. (Ref. 74541) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Ellis, J.R., A. Cruz-Martinez, B.D. Rackham and S.I. Rodgers0 The distribution of Chondrichthyan fishes around the British Isles and implications for conservation. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci., Vol. 35:195-213. (Ref. 82399) Dhora, Dh.0 Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. 208 p. (Ref. 83428) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Collette, B.B. and G. Klein-MacPhee (eds.)0 Bigelow and Schroeder’s fishes of the Gulf of Maine, third ed. Caldwell, N.J. : Blackburn Press, 577 p.: ill.; 27 cm. (Ref. 86779) Dhora, Dh.0 Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor - Shqip - Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names - Albanian - English). Camaj - Pipa. Shkodër, Albania. pp. 288. (Ref. 87029) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Miniconi, R. and Parc naturel régional de la Corse0 Parc naturel régional de Corse: poissons de Corse et de Méditerranée. Ajaccio: Parc naturel régional de la Corse; [Clermont-Ferrand] : Atelier de recherche des parcs pour l'expression graphique et l'édition, 116 p. (Ref. 94543) Başusta, A., N. Başusta, J.A. Sulikowski, W.B.III Driggers, S.A. Demirhan and E. Çiçek0 Length-weight relationships for nine species of batoids from the Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:850-851. (Ref. 94836) Goren, M.0 The fishes of the Mediterranean: a biota under siege. pp. 385-400. In Goffredo, S. and Z. Dubinsky. 2014. The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges. Springer Netherlands. 655 pp. (Ref. 95489) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lloris, D., J. Rucabado, Ll. del Cerro, F. Portas, M. Demestre and A. Roig0 Tots els peixos del Mar Català. I: Llistat de cites I referències. Treballs Soc. Cat. Ict. Herp. 1:1-208. (Ref. 95727) Trenkel, V.M., O. Berthelé, P. Lorance, J. Bertrand, A. BrindÁmour, M.-L. Cochard, F. Coppin, J.-P. Leauté, J.-C. Mahé, J. Morin, M.-J. Rochet, M. Salaun, A. Souplet and Y. Vérin0 Atlas des grands invertébrés et poissons observés par less campagnes scientifiques. Bilan 2008. Ifremer, Nantes, EMH:09-003. 100 p. (Ref. 95738) Francour, P., P. Bodilis, J.M. Cottalorda and C. Seytre0 Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la réserve naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et à proximité de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Régional de la Corse. Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice:1-54. (Ref. 95773) Psomadakis, P.N., S. Giustino and M. Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) Miniconi, R.0 Complément à l'inventaire des poissons des eaux de Corse (1994-2011). Biologie - Pȇche - Localisation. Edition A Barcella Ajaccio, 50 p. (Ref. 96325) Barría, C., J. Navarro, M. Coll, U. Fernancez-Arcaya and R. Sáez-Liante0 Morphological parameters of abundant and threatened chondrichthyans of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31(1):114-119. (Ref. 100834) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Barria, C., M. Coll and J. Navarro0 Unravelling the ecological role and trophic relationships of uncommon and threatened elasmobranchs in the western Mediterranean Sea (Supplement). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 539:225-240. (Ref. 106518) Weigmann, S.0 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Fauna Graeciae. An updated checklist of the fishes in the Hellenic seas. Monagraphs on Marine Sciences 7 (Ref. 113897) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) Bílge, G., S. Yapici, H. Fíliíz and H. Cerím0 Weight-length relationshions for 103 fish species from the southern Aegean sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 44(3):263-269. (Ref. 118193) Tsikliras, A.C. and D. Dimarchopoulou0 Filling in knowledge gaps: Length-weight relations of 46 uncommon sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Ichthyol. et Pisc. 51(3):249-255. (Ref. 124786) Geraci, M.L., S. Ragonese, D. Scannella, F. Falsone, V. Gancitano, J. Mifsud, M. Gambin, A. Said and S. Vitale0 Batoid abundances, spatial distribution, and life history traits in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea): Bridging a knowledge gap through three decades of survey. Animals 11(2189). (Ref. 125195) Iglésias, S.P., M. Bariche, F. Beau, L. Bérenger, R. Beucher, A. Chabrolle, J.M. Cottalorda, B. Cousin, A. Curd, V. Danet, E. Duhamel, A. Duval, P.A. Farque, N. Goascoz, A. Jadaud, P. Larnaud, M. Le Bouter, Y. Le Bras, S. Le Bris and …0 French ichthyological records for 2019. Cybium 45(3):169-188. (Ref. 126430) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Kaya, G. and N. Başusta0 A study on age and growth of juvenile and semi adult <i>Torpedo nobiliana</i> Bonaparte, 1835 inhabiting Iskenderun Bay, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Acta Biologica Turcica 29(4):143-149. (Ref. 130897) Melis, R., S. Di Crescenzo, A. Cariani, A. Ferrari, V. Crobe, A. Bellodi, A. Mulas, L. Carugati, E. Coluccia, M.C. Follesa and R. Cannas0 I like this new me: unravelling population structure of Mediterranean electric rays and taxonomic uncertainties within Torpediniformes. Animals 13(18):1-19. (Ref. 131192) FB-pic-2553-6933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-21 1999-08-11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Tonob_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Tonob_u0.gif FB-pic-2553-51362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Brandi Noble 2009-07-22 2009-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Tonob_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Tonob_u1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Juveniles benthic over soft bottoms or near coral reefs (Ref. 12951) from 10-150 m; adults are semi-pelagic to pelagic, swimming in the water column and have been reported to migrate over long distances (Ref. 2803). Found on insular slopes to at least 925 m depth (Ref. 114953). Feeds mainly on pelagic and benthic bony fishes and small sharks (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of up to 60 pups. In South Pacific region, males reaches maturity at ca. 60 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Packs a powerful electric shock of up to 220 volts (Ref. 9710). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Torpedinidae. p. 159-162. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2803) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-21 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Large ray with a huge, paddle-shaped caudal fin and with no papillae around spiracles. Shiny black or dark grey above, underside white (Ref. 5578). Broad subcircular disc, short snout anterior to the eyes. Smooth skin, short thick tail (Ref. 6902). Dark chocolate to purplish brown above, without spots, white below, but with edges of disc and pelvic fins of same hue as upper surface, tail with irregular dark margins (Ref. 6902). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. FB-Distribution-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Circumglobal. Eastern Atlantic: Scotland (rare in North Sea) to Morocco, whole of Mediterranean, but not Black Sea; Cap Blanc in Mauritania to Gulf of Guinea, São Tomé Island; Walvis Bay, Namibia to Mossel Bay, South Africa (Ref. 5578). Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada south to Brazil (Ref. 26340). Eastern Indian Ocean: Australia (Ref. 114953). Southwest Pacific: New Zealand (Ref. 114953). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Torpedinidae. p. 159-162. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2803) FB-Uses-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: of no interest; gamefish: yes IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-Migration-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. FB-LifeCycle-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2553&StockCode=2749 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With up to 60 in a litter. Gestation period one year (Ref. 12951). Size at birth about 23 cm (Ref. 12951). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-27 00:00:00 2007-08-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public nobiliana http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Juveniles benthic over soft bottoms or near coral reefs (Ref. 12951) from 10-150 m; adults are semi-pelagic to pelagic, swimming in the water column and have been reported to migrate over long distances (Ref. 2803). Feeds mainly on pelagic and benthic bony fishes, small sharks (Ref. 5578) and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 58748). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Torpedinidae. p. 159-162. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2803) FB-Size-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy 180 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2803)); max. published weight: 90.0 kg (Ref. 7251) Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Torpedinidae. p. 159-162. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2803) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2553 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats benthopelagic; oceanodromous; marine; depth range 2 - 800 m (Ref. 35509), usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388) Anonymous 2000 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)