FB-254 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=254 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Osmeriformes Osmeridae Hypomesus Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814) Stynka amerykanska Eperlano-arco-íris Amerikansk smelt Amerikanischer Stint Regenbogenstint American smelt Atlantic rainbow smelt Atlantic smelt Bay capelin Bay caplin Boreal smelt Freshwater smelt Frost fish Leefish Outside capelin Outside caplin Rainbow smelt Saltwater smelt Smelt Toothed smelt White-fish Vikertint Éperlan arc-en-ciel Éperlan d'Amérique Éperlan du nord Ichloanik Ilhuagnik Iquar-niq Ithoanin Qiqotiliqaoraq Корюшка зубастая Eperlano americano Eperlano arco iris 美洲胡瓜魚 美洲胡瓜鱼 Atherina mordax Mitchill, 1814 Osmerus dentex (non Steindachner & Kner, 1870) Osmerus eperlanus mordax (Mitchill, 1814) Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) 1990-10-17 2024-01-17 Fahay, M.0 Guide to the early stages of marine fishes occuring in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Cape Hatteras to the Southern Scotian Shelf. J. Northwest Atl. 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(Ref. 118717) GoY, Government of Yukon0 Yukon freshwater fishes. Wildlife Viewing Program, Environment Yukon. Whitehorse (YU, Canada): Government of Yukon, 32 p. (Ref. 119011) Lauer, T.E.0 Fishery of the Laurentian Great Lakes. p. 134-150. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119192) Tonn, W., H. Swanson, C. Paszkowski, J. Hanisch and L. Chavarie0 Northern North America. p. 85-100. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119194) NOAA Office of Science and Technology0 Commercial fisheries statistics. https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/commercial-fisheries/commercial-landings/other-specialized-programs/great-lakes-landings/index. (Ref. 120328) Ontario Commercial Fisheries’ Association0 Fisheries Statistics. http://www.ocfa.ca/fisheries-industry/fisheries-statistics. Accessed 4/2019 (Ref. 120333) Devine, J.A., S.T. Schram and M.J. 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Neff and C.A. Hoffman0 Fish fauna in nearshore waters of a Barrier Island in the western Beaufort Sea, Alaska. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-210, 28p. (Ref. 125579) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) WDNR, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Wisconsin Fish Species List.. World Wide Web electronic publication, Accessed 05 Oct. 2024. Madison (USA, WI): Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 6 p. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Species_wifish.pdf (Ref. 132215) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte0 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) FB-GeneralDescr-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Inhabits cool clear lakes, medium to large rivers, and coastal waters (Ref. 86798). A schooling species that occurs in midwater of lakes or inshore coastal waters (Ref. 1998); at temperatures ranging from 7.2-15.6°C. Coastal population are anadromous (Ref, 86798). Migrates up to 1,000 km upstream in rivers (Ref. 6793). Occurs possibly to 425 m (Ref. 2851). Feeds on invertebrates such as amphipods, ostracods, aquatic insect larvae and aquatic worms (Ref. 1998); food also include copepods, euphausiids, mysids and small fishes (silversides, mummichogs and herring) (Ref. 5951, 10294). Headed, gutted, sold fresh, frozen and precooked. Eaten sautéed and fried (Ref. 9988). Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke 2011 Biodiversity of the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838) FB-DiagnosticDescr-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-06 00:00:00 1996-10-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Body elongate, laterally compressed, greatest depth at anterior of dorsal fin origin. Head moderate; eye moderately large; snout elongate, pointed. Mouth large; lower jaw protruding, maxillary extending to middle of eye or beyond, well toothed on vomer, palatine, pterygoid, basibranchial, dentary, maxillary, and tongue. Teeth specially enlarged on tongue and front of vomer. Body color is pale green on back, with purple, blue, and pink iridescent reflections on the side when freshly caught. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Morphology-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1996-10-06 00:00:00 1996-10-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 - 16; Vertebrae: 58 - 70 Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Distribution-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-04-24 00:00:00 2021-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats North Atlantic: Atlantic drainages from Lake Melville in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to Delaware River in Pennsylvania, USA and west through Great lakes. Arctic and Pacific drainages from Bathurst Inlet, Northwest Territories to Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Also Pacific drainages of Asia. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-Uses-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FB-Migration-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte 2009 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) FB-LifeCycle-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=253&StockCode=5683 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Spawning runs occur when temperature is between 8.9-18.3°C, may last for 3 weeks, peak for 1 week. Lengths of both sexes decrease as spawning progress. Two or more tuberculated males maintain position against a female in swift water, eggs released in clusters and presumably milt released simultaneously. Spawning usually takes place at night, spawners move downstream to the lake during daytime. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-TrophicStrategy-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-08-13 00:00:00 2007-07-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public mordax http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Sensitive to temperature and light. Do not inhabit flowing waters of streams and rivers except at spawning time. Exhibit pronounced post-spawning mortality (Ref. 1998). Anadromous (Ref. 5951). It is preyed upon by mergansers, cormorants, gulls, crows, Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, brook trout, seals, lake trout, burbot, walleye and perch. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) FB-Size-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 35.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1998)); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 52222) Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) Bailey, M.M. 1964 Age, growth, maturity and sex composition of the American smelt, <i>Osmerus mordax</i> (Mitchill), of western Lake Superior. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93:382-395. (Ref. 52222) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=253 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription pelagic-oceanic; anadromous (Ref. 138124); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 425 m (Ref. 58426), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 96339) Dodson, J.J., J. Laroche and F. Lecomte 2009 Contrasting evolutionary pathways of anadromy in euleostean fishes. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:63-77. (Ref. 138124) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2004 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426) Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson 2005 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339)