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	<dc:identifier>FB-2484</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2484</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cichliformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cichlidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Tilapia</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Tilapia busumana (Günther, 1903)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ee'>Silla</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Täpläselkätilapia</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>巴苏非鲫</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>巴蘇非鯽</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Chromis busumanus Günther, 1903</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Tilapia fossilis White, 1937</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Tilapia melanopleura (non Duméril, 1861)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Tilapia zillii (non Gervais, 1848)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-03-06</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-12-19</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3&amp;speccode=2484'>Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet0 Ecology and distribution of tilapias. p. 15-60. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 3)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=272&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and K. Traoré0 État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237. (Ref. 272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2060&amp;speccode=2484'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3595&amp;speccode=2484'>Nijjhar, B., C.L. Nateg and S.D. Amedjo0 Chromosome studies on &lt;i&gt;Sarotherodon niloticus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. multifasciatus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tilapia busumana&lt;/i&gt; (Cichlidae, Pisces). p. 256-260. In L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron (compls.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 8-13 May 1983, Nazareth, Israel. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. (Ref. 3595)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=2484'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5163&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Tilapia. p. 482-508. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5163)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7378&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 714-779. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 902 p. (Ref. 7378)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8979&amp;speccode=2484'>Majumdar, K.C. and B.J. McAndrew0 Relative DNA content of somatic nuclei and chromosomal studies in three genera, &lt;i&gt;Tilapia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Sarotherodon&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/i&gt; of the tribe Tilapiini (Pisces, Cichlidae). Genetica. 68(3):175-188. (Ref. 8979)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9932&amp;speccode=2484'>Pouyaud, L. and J.-F. Agnèse0 Phylogenetic relationships between 21 species of three tilapiine genera &lt;i&gt;Tilapia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Sarotherodon&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/i&gt; using allozyme data. J. Fish Biol. 47(1):26-38. (Ref. 9932)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=2484'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13331&amp;speccode=2484'>Paugy, D., K. Traoré and P.S. Diouf0 Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p.35-66. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13331)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9075894252' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30488&amp;speccode=2484'>Dankwa, H.R., E.K. Abban and G.G. Teugels0 Freshwater fishes of Ghana: identification, distribution, ecological and economic importance. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool. 283:53 p. (Ref. 30488)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=2484'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=2484'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33339&amp;speccode=2484'>Falk, T.M., E.K. Abban, W. Villwock and L. Renwrantz0 Species-characteristic and subspecies-characteristic haemoglobins in some tilapiine fishes and a comparative study on their globin chains. Aquacult. Int. 6:133-145. (Ref. 33339)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=2484'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51086&amp;speccode=2484'>Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-928819-33-X' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52307&amp;speccode=2484'>Lamboj, A.0 The cichlid fishes of Western Africa. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. 255 p. (Ref. 52307)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52866&amp;speccode=2484'>Dankwa, H.R.0 Traditional knowledge of freshwater fishes in some fishing communities in Ghana. p. 223-229. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52866)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53405&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 521-600. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 815p. (Ref. 53405)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57398&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Cichlidae. p. 520-600. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57398)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=2484'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83624&amp;speccode=2484'>Konan, K.F., A. Ouattara, M. Ouattara and G. Gourčne0 Weight-length relationship of 57 fish species of the coastal rivers in South-eastern of Ivory coast. Ribarstvo 65(2):49-60. (Ref. 83624)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83625&amp;speccode=2484'>Konan, F.K., F. Leprieur, A. Ouattara, S. Brosse, G. Grenouillet, G. Gourène, P. Winterton and S. Lek0 Spatio-temporal patterns of fish assemblages in coastal West African rivers: a self-organizing map approach. Aquat. Living Resour. 19(4):361-370. (Ref. 83625)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=2484'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93285&amp;speccode=2484'>Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen0 Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "&lt;i&gt;Tilapia&lt;/i&gt;". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=2484'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=2484'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123661&amp;speccode=2484'>Tah, L., G.B. Goore and K.S. Da Costa0 Length-weight relationship for 36 freshwater fish species from two tropical reservoirs: Ayamé I and Buyo, Côte d'Ivoire. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60(4):1847-1856. (Ref. 123661)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=2484'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-03-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-12-19 20:44:35</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2484</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Adapted to living in fast-flowing rivers with rapids (Ref. 2). Pair-bonding, open substratum spawner, with both parents guarding the brood (Ref. 52307).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5163&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 1991 Tilapia. p. 482-508. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5163)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Tobias Musschoot</agent>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosis: 8-12 lower gill-rakers; median outer teeth on jaws bicuspid not spatulated, lateral ones conical; inner teeth tricuspid with 3 cuspids equal in young specimens and central cuspid more developed in adults; adults with distinct occipital hump (Ref. 53405).Description: slender or deep-bodied, depending on the population (riverine or lacustrine); frontal profile usually slightly convex; caudal fin moderately rounded to truncate (Ref. 52307). Lower pharyngeal bone as long as broad, length of toothed part 51.2-61.2% of total bone length; posterior pharyngeal teeth bicuspid, not broadened; micro-gillrakers present; scales cycloid (Ref. 53405).Coloration: in life: adults from rivers: bluish-green, darker on snout and occiput, with some traces of cross bars and black spot at base of every scale on sides; pectoral fins transparent; pelvics light greyish-green, lighter anteriorly; anal fin greyish-green; dorsal and caudal fins greenish- to greyish-blue, with some narrow speckled areas between rays; "tilapian" spot often located partly on spinous part of dorsal fin; distal margin of dorsal fin and upper angle of caudal fin yellow-orange (Ref. 53405). Adults from Lake Bosumtwi: more bluish-purple to blackish, darker on underside of head and body; fins bluish-grey; distal margin of dorsal fin (continuing on upper angle of caudal fin) whitish to bluish-white (Ref. 53405). Juveniles: greyish, with 8-10 cross bars and sometimes mid-lateral horizontal band; distal margin of dorsal fin red; "tilapian" spot well visible (Ref. 53405).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53405&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 2003 Cichlidae. p. 521-600. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 815p. (Ref. 53405)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Tobias Musschoot</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2008-11-21 17:27:01</dcterms:created>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2484</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13;  Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 7 - 9</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53405&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 2003 Cichlidae. p. 521-600. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 815p. (Ref. 53405)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-03-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-12-19 20:42:59</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Africa:  Bia, Tano and Pra basins in southeast Côte d'Ivoire and southwest Ghana; also in Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana (Ref. 53405). Also reported from the Densu basin in Ghana (Ref. 52307).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53405&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 2003 Cichlidae. p. 521-600. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 2. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 815p. (Ref. 53405)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2060&amp;speccode=2484'>Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1985 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>18.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7378))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7378&amp;speccode=2484'>Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde 1992 Cichlidae. p. 714-779. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 902 p. (Ref. 7378)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater</dc:description>
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