FB-2458 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Siluriformes Mochokidae Synodontis Synodontis schall (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Wahrindi Kpo Gargur Langskægget malle Gambia-Fiederbartwels Schalls Fiederbartwels Catfish Mandi Nile squeaker Wahrindi Suur liithammassäga Lo-kpotokui Tsetsentor Gambianripsimonni Harmaaripsimonni Kpor Jabar ruwa Karaya Kiatera Kurungu Okpo Fono Gangue-Kala Okokoniko Egungigi Eh-ere Gbagagbaga Ikpoki Kamuduli Kiki Kuilkeka Ngok ugok Ngork thon Okuk Tikir Tirr Tun da nok Yaï Yeing Yeng Yiew 冈比亚歧须鮠 圆点油鲶 圓點油鯰 岡比亞歧鬚鮠 沙尔歧须鮠 沙爾歧鬚鮠 Hemisynodontis microps Guichenot, 1896 Hemisynodontis schall (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Leiosynodontis maculosus (Rüppell, 1829) Pimelodus clarias Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 Silurus schall Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Synodontis arabi Valenciennes, 1840 Synodontis gambiensis Günther, 1864 Synodontis gambiensis gambiensis Günther, 1864 Synodontis gambiensis latifrons Blache, 1964 Synodontis maculosus Rüppell, 1829 Synodontis serratus (non Rüppell, 1829) Synodontis smithii Günther, 1896 1991-03-06 2024-07-16 Mang-Umphan, K. and R.G. 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Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81251) Konan, K.F., A. Ouattara, M. Ouattara and G. Gourčne0 Weight-length relationship of 57 fish species of the coastal rivers in South-eastern of Ivory coast. Ribarstvo 65(2):49-60. (Ref. 83624) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Okeyo, D.O. and W.O. Ojwang (Comp.)0 A photographic guide to freshwater fishes of Kenya. SeriouslyFish.com (LINK). Electronic version accessed [29/05/2017] (Ref. 115164) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Djidohokpin, G., E. Sossoukpè, R. Adandé and E.D. Fiogbé0 Population parameters and exploitation rate of two dominant fish species in Tovè River (Southern Benin). J. Fish. Life Sci. 2(2):10-17. (Ref. 117873) Chikou, A.0 Étude de la démographie et de l’exploitation halieutique de six espèces de poissons chats (Teleostei, siluriformes) dans le delta de l’Ouémé au Bénin. PhD. thesis, Ulg. 459 p. (Ref. 117877) Montcho, A.S.0 Diversité et exploitation des poissons de la rivière Pendjari (Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest). Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, 201 p+ annexes. (Ref. 117878) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Moritz, T., Z.N. El Dayem, M.A. Abdallah and D. Neumann0 New and rare records of fishes from the White Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. Cybium 43(2):137-151. (Ref. 120561) Tah, L., G.B. Goore and K.S. Da Costa0 Length-weight relationship for 36 freshwater fish species from two tropical reservoirs: Ayamé I and Buyo, Côte d'Ivoire. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60(4):1847-1856. (Ref. 123661) Sadio, O., M. Simier, F. Le Loc'h and L. Tito de Morais0 Length-weight relationships of 19 fish species from two tropical artificial reservoirs (Manantali and Selingue)in Mali, West Africa. Cybium 45(1):59-62. (Ref. 126422) Arame, H., A. Adite, K.N. Adjibade, R. Sidi Imorou and P.S. Sonon0 Length-weight relationships and condition factors of Mochokidae (Pisces: Teleostei: Silurifurmes) from Niger River, Northern Benin. Aquatic Research 3(2):72-84. (Ref. 128113) Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík0 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143) FB-GeneralDescr-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Adults are omnivores feeding on insect larvae (Ref. 13868) (especially chironomids (Ref. 28714), nymphs, eggs and detritus (Ref. 13868). Also on molluscs Ref. 4903), fish, bivalves in the Sudd and snails in Gezira irrigation canals (Ref. 28714). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breeding occurs during the flood season (Ref. 28714). Utilized for human consumption. Maximum TL was recorded at 47.0 cm (Ref. 57223). Paugy, D. and T.R. Roberts 2003 Mochokidae. p. 195-268 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57223) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 2012-12-12 00:00:00 2022-11-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Diagnosis: gill slits not extending ventrally beyond pectoral-fin insertions (Ref. 28714, 57223). Body long, its depth 20-29% of SL (Ref. 28714). Post-orbital length at least 60% of snout length (Ref. 57223, 81251). Eye contained 1.75-2.25 times in interorbital width (Ref. 4903). Maxillary barbels longer than head (Ref. 57223, 81251) but not reaching to pelvic fins (Ref. 57223), unbranched and without tubercles (Ref. 57223, 81251) or distinct basal membrane (Ref. 28714, 57223, 81251). Outer mandibular barbels with few, rather short and simple ramifications (Ref. 57223, 81251). Branches of inner mandibular barbels few, short, simple and tuberculate (Ref. 57223, 81251), at least the anterior ones (Ref. 57223). Mandibular teeth moderately developed (Ref. 57223), movable (Ref. 81251), numbering 24-39 (Ref. 57223, 81251). Entire margin of opercle smooth (Ref. 81251). Dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines straight (Ref. 57223). Pectoral spines strongly serrated with twice the number of serrations along anterior edge than posterior edge (Ref. 81251), denticulations weaker on outer than on inner margin (Ref. 4903, 57223). Dorsal spine prolonged by a short filament (Ref. 81251), smooth anteriorly (Ref. 57223, 81251) except for a few apical denticles (Ref. 57223), and few serrations along posterior edge (Ref. 81251). However, large individuals may also have a weak denticulation on lower half of spine (Ref. 57223). Humeral process pointed and granulose, slightly keeled ventrally (Ref. 57223, 81251), its depth contained 1.8-2 times in its length (Ref. 4903), its posterior tip not or just reaching a point beneath the dorsal fin spine (Ref. 28714). Adipose fin well developed (Ref. 57223, 81251), high, rather close to rayed dorsal fin (Ref. 57223), not rayed (Ref. 28714). Body uniformly coloured or spotted body brownish dorsally, whitish ventrally (juveniles with white markings and black spots); caudal fin without single dark patch at base of each fin lobe (Ref. 81251). Maxillary barbels white or beige; outer margins of caudal-fin lobes more or less dark (Ref. 57223).Description: snout subconical; lips not developed; pelvic fin reaching to anal fin; caudal fin deeply forked, with upper lobe longer; caudal peduncle longer than deep (0.9 to 1.7)(Ref. 81251). Coloration: ground colour variable from greenish-yellow to pale brown; ventral areas whitish or light yellow; some individuals have a pattern of very fine specks; fins more or less of the same colour as body; outer margins of caudal-fin lobes black-edged in some individuals; young specimens have a marbled and finely speckled pattern (Ref. 57223, 81251). Paugy, D. and T.R. Roberts 2003 Mochokidae. p. 195-268 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57223) FB-Morphology-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 2012-12-12 00:00:00 2022-11-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 1; Dorsal soft rays (total): 67; Analspines: 0 Paugy, D. and T.R. Roberts 2003 Mochokidae. p. 195-268 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57223) FB-Distribution-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Africa: found practically in all basins of West Africa, except for the coastal basins of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia (Ref. 57223), but including Senegal, Gambia, Volta, Niger and Chad basins (Ref. 3202), and Cross River in Nigeria (Ref. 81251). Also Nile basin downstream of Murchison Falls, including Lake Albert (Ref. 28714, 78218); Lake Turkana (Ref. 52331, 78218); and Ethiopian lakes Abaya and Chew Bahir [= Stephanie] (Ref. 78218). Also reported from Uebi Guiba (Uebi Shebeli) (Ref. 3202). Reports from Athi and Tana rivers are misidentifications probably refering to Synodontis zanzibaricus (Ref. 52331). Seegers, L. 2008 The catfishes of Africa: A handbook for identification and maintenance. Aqualog Verlag A.C.S. GmbH, Germany. 604 p. (Ref. 78218) FB-Uses-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík 2001 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143) FB-LifeCycle-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2458&StockCode=2652 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Oviparous (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Ofori-Danson, P.K. 1992 Ecology of some species of catfish <i>Synodontis</i> (Pisces: Mochocidae) in the Kpong Headpond in Ghana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 35(1):49-61. (Ref. 5254) FB-TrophicStrategy-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1993-02-27 00:00:00 2004-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public schall http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Feeds on detritus, plants and benthic organisms (Ref. 5254). Ofori-Danson, P.K. 1992 Ecology of some species of catfish <i>Synodontis</i> (Pisces: Mochocidae) in the Kpong Headpond in Ghana. Environ. Biol. Fishes 35(1):49-61. (Ref. 5254) FB-Size-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 126422)); max. published weight: 584 g (Ref. 126422); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 72479) Sadio, O., M. Simier, F. Le Loc'h and L. Tito de Morais 2021 Length-weight relationships of 19 fish species from two tropical artificial reservoirs (Manantali and Selingue)in Mali, West Africa. Cybium 45(1):59-62. (Ref. 126422) Sadio, O., M. Simier, F. Le Loc'h and L. Tito de Morais 2021 Length-weight relationships of 19 fish species from two tropical artificial reservoirs (Manantali and Selingue)in Mali, West Africa. Cybium 45(1):59-62. (Ref. 126422) Hinton 1962 Horned shark, gar, mormyriad, characin, carp, armored catfish, arowana, upside down catfish. Not given. (Ref. 72479) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-2458-1651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2026-01-20 00:00:00 2026-01-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2458&StockCode=2652 Entamoeba infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Mang-Umphan, K. and R.G. Arce 1988 Culture of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) in a rice-fish culture system using chemical and commercial organic fertilizers. p. 59-62. In R.S.V. Pullin, T. Bhukaswan, K. Tonguthai and J.L. Maclean(eds.) The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 15. (Ref. 99) FB-Diseases-2458-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-12-21 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2458&StockCode=2652 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Procamallanus Infection 14. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. (Ref. 52494) FB-Diseases-2458-34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-28 00:00:00 2005-06-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2458&StockCode=2652 Sanguinicola Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-2458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-06 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2458 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 138143); freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 30 Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík 2001 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143)