FB-2406 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Characiformes Distichodontidae Distichodus Distichodus rostratus Günther, 1864 Khraish Grass-eater Perch Koon-hammassalmler Agbasrakpoe Konte-gbasra Kuonoherttatetra Kuonotetra Agbasra Chiciyawa Chihaki Gambu Kama'a Accaare Somor Epele Aciar Apuro Ayath Binjimijigɛ Caro Dzaka Enu Eweri Galiya Kiki Lieth Lopkô Lopo Zagpumpumde 尖吻复齿脂鲤 尖吻複齒脂鯉 Characinus nefasch (non Valenciennes, 1850) Citharinus nefasch (non Valenciennes, 1850) Distichodus engycephalus (non Günther, 1864) Distichodus martini Steindachner, 1870 Distichodus nefasch (non Valenciennes, 1850) Salmo aegyptius (non Gmelin, 1789) Salmo niloticus (non Hasselquist, 1762) 1991-03-05 2024-01-22 Wohlfarth, G.W. and G. Hulata0 Applied genetics of tilapias. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 6 (2nd edition), 26 p. (Ref. 21) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. 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(Ref. 3799) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Bianco, P.0 Fish. p. 55-63. In L. Boitani (ed.) The Southern National Park. A master plan. Istituto di Zoologia, Facoltà di Scienze dell'Università di Roma (Italy). 220 p. (Ref. 4906) Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 Ichthyology laboratory. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 6197) Daget, J. and J.-P. Gosse0 Distichodontidae. p. 184-211. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7094) Entsua-Mensah, M., A. Osei-Abunyewa and M.L.D. 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(Ref. 45600) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Vivien, J.0 Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et poissons. GICAM et Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement, Yaoundé/Paris. 271 p. (Ref. 51193) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Coulibaly, N.D.0 Relations taille-poids chez 11 espèces de poisons du Burkina-Faso. [Length-weight relationships of 11 fish species of Burkina Faso]. p. 20-22. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.). Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p. (Ref. 52839) Coulibaly, N.D.0 Common names of commercial fish species of the upper Volta Basin in Burkina Faso. p.215-222. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.). Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p. (Ref. 52865) Dankwa, H.R.0 Traditional knowledge of freshwater fishes in some fishing communities in Ghana. p. 223-229. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52866) Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783) Lalèyè, P.A.0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of fishes from the Ouémé River in Bénin (West Africa). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:330-333. (Ref. 57961) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Getahun, A.0 An overview of the diversity and conservation status of the Ethiopian freshwater fauna. J. Afrotrop. Zool. Special Issue:87-96. (Ref. 58460) Paugy, D.0 Alestidae. p. 236-282. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81279) Grosse, J.P., E.J. Coenen and G.G. Teugels0 Distichodontidae. p. 283-312. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81280) Vari, R.P.0 Distichodontidae. p. 412-465. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81638) Gosse, J.P., E.J. Coenen and G.G. Teugels0 Distichodontidae. p. 283-312. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 86396) Aboua, B.R.D.0 Common names of some freshwater fish species found in central Côte d'Ivoire. Unpublished compilation of B.R.D. Aboua. (Ref. 98751) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Moritz, T., Z.N. El Dayem, M.A. Abdallah and D. Neumann0 New and rare records of fishes from the White Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. Cybium 43(2):137-151. (Ref. 120561) Antoine, Y.A., K.K. Mexmin, D. Lassina, O. Allasane and G. Germain0 Length-weight relationship and condition factor (K) of thirty (30) commercially valuable fish species landed in the lower basin of the Comoé River (Côte d’Ivoire). Natl. J. Multi. Res. Dev. 4(3):31-37. (Ref. 123597) Tah, L., G.B. Goore and K.S. Da Costa0 Length-weight relationship for 36 freshwater fish species from two tropical reservoirs: Ayamé I and Buyo, Côte d'Ivoire. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60(4):1847-1856. (Ref. 123661) Sadio, O., M. Simier, F. Le Loc'h and L. Tito de Morais0 Length-weight relationships of 19 fish species from two tropical artificial reservoirs (Manantali and Selingue)in Mali, West Africa. Cybium 45(1):59-62. (Ref. 126422) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík0 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143) FB-GeneralDescr-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-05 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Marco-herbivores, feed on submerged plants, Eichornia roots and periphyton (Ref. 28714). Maximum length 62.5 cm SL (Ref. 2936, 81638, 86396). Vari, R.P. 2007 Distichodontidae. p. 412-465. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81638) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-07-14 00:00:00 2014-02-17 23:45:53 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 Diagnosis: mouth subterminal; body depth 2.7-3.6x and head length 3.3-5.5x SL; caudal peduncle 0.7-1.1x longer than wide; 12-15 scales between lateral line and scaly process at bases of pelvic fins; eye diameter 3.3 (juveniles)-7x head length; juveniles with vertical bars on sides (Ref. 2936, 86396). Round humeral spot present (less obvious in larger individuals); body never with small, dark, eye-sized spots (Ref. 81638). 83-94 lateral line scales (Ref. 2936, 81638, 86396). 21-26 (Ref. 86396) or 21-27 (Ref. 81638) total dorsal fin rays. 13-16 (Ref. 86396) or 13-17 (Ref. 81638) total anal fin rays. Description: rounded snout (Ref. 2936, 86396). Body depth slightly proportionally deeper in larger individuals; mouth with 2 rows of bicuspid teeth in each jaw; maxilla edentulous, premaxilla with 11-12 teeth, dentary with 10-11 teeth in outer rows; ventral surface slightly convex in smaller specimens, nearly straight from vertical through insertion of pectoral fin to anal fin origin in moderate to large individuals; caudal fin lobes rounded and scales overlying rays; scales covering about ¾ of fin in smaller individuals and extending nearly to distal margin of fin in larger specimens; body scales ctenoid and small; lateral line scales to slightly beyond hypural joint and followed by smaller, sometimes irregularly pored scales; 12-15 scales between anal fin origin and lateral line (Ref. 81638). D: III-IV,18-23; A: III-IV,10-13 (Ref. 81638).Coloration: ground color greyish, more or less dark (Ref. 2936, 86396). Preserved specimens light tan to brown; head and body darker dorsally (Ref. 81638). Upper part of dorsal fin with black lines formed by a series of points on the inter-radial membranes; juveniles with blackish, vertical, irregular cross-bars on the sides posterior of opercle to caudal peduncle (Ref. 2936, 81638, 86396). Bars become irregular and subdivided in moderately sized animals and masked in larger individuals (Ref. 81638). Black humeral spot the size of orbit in middle of anterior most vertical bar in small individuals, becoming increasingly less apparent with increasing size (Ref. 81638). Sometimes orange humeral spot (Ref. 2936, 86396). Like juveniles of Distichodus engycephalus (Ref. 2936, 86396), round dark spot present in posterior portion of caudal peduncle and mid-basal portions caudal fin in smaller individuals, spot becoming less obvious and finally absent with increasing body size; adipose, caudal and anal fins dusky (Ref. 81638). Vari, R.P. 2007 Distichodontidae. p. 412-465. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81638) FB-Morphology-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-07-14 00:00:00 2014-02-17 23:45:53 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21 - 27; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 13 - 17 Vari, R.P. 2007 Distichodontidae. p. 412-465. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81638) FB-Distribution-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-05 00:00:00 2022-08-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 Africa: from Senegal to the Chad basin (Ref. 2936, 86396), but absent in coastal basins between southern Gambia and Sassandra (Ref. 2936, 86396). Also in the Nile (Ref. 7094, 28714) and the Cross River (Ref. 81638, 86396). Vari, R.P. 2007 Distichodontidae. p. 412-465. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81638) FB-Uses-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-05 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: commercial Anonymous 1998 Fisheries statistical bulletin, Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1997. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 9. 29pp. (Ref. 28265) FB-Migration-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-05 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík 2001 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143) FB-Size-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-05 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 76.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7094)); max. published weight: 6,250 g (Ref. 7094) Daget, J. and J.-P. Gosse 1984 Distichodontidae. p. 184-211. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7094) Daget, J. and J.-P. Gosse 1984 Distichodontidae. p. 184-211. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7094) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-2406-364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-20 00:00:00 2005-06-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2406&StockCode=2600 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Sporozoa Infection (Hennegya sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Diseases-2406-365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-16 00:00:00 2005-06-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2406&StockCode=2600 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Sporozoa-infection (Myxobolus sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-03-05 00:00:00 2025-11-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2406 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 138143); freshwater; pH range: 6.5 - 7.5; dH range: 15 Lucas, M.C., E. Baras, T.J. Thom, A. Duncan and O. Slavík 2001 Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd. 440 p. (Ref. 138143)