FB-23928 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23928 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Squaliformes Etmopteridae Etmopterus Etmopterus molleri (Whitley, 1939) Fourspine sculpin Kamakiri カマキリ（アユカケ） 西刺杜父魚 西刺杜父鱼 1996-06-25 2021-07-05 Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) McDowall, R.M.0 Diadromy in fishes: migrations between freshwater and marine environments. Croom Helm, London. (Ref. 26213) Abe, S.0 A cytotaxonomical study in some freshwater cottoid fishes (Cottidae, Pisces). Cytologia 41(2):323-329. (Ref. 29132) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. 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(https://www.pref.saga.lg.jp/web/kurashi/_1262/_33058/_18433/rdb.html; https://www.pref.saga.lg.jp/web/var/rev0/0123/2510/sagakenredlist-animal.pdf) (Ref. 96262) Oita Prefecture0 Red Data Book Oita 2011. Oita Prefecture, Oita. (http://www.pref.oita.jp/10550/reddata2011/; http://www.pref.oita.jp/10550/reddata2011/08/index.html; http://www.pref.oita.jp/10550/reddata2011/excel/RL2011_08gy.xls) (Ref. 96265) Kumamoto Prefecture0 Red Data Book Kumamoto 2009. Kumamoto Prefecture, Kumamoto. (https://www.pref.kumamoto.jp/soshiki/44/rdb2009.html; https://www.pref.kumamoto.jp/uploaded/attachment/26059.pdf) (Ref. 96266) Miyazaki Prefecture0 The Red Data Species of Plants and Animals in Miyazaki Prefecture. Miyazaki Prefecture, Miyazaki. (https://www.pref.miyazaki.lg.jp/contents/org/kankyo/shizen/reddatabook/page00193.html; https://www.pref.miyazaki.lg.jp/parts/000160673.xls) (Ref. 96267) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2014-01-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are found in the middle reaches of rivers during the summer; migrates downstream in autumn (Ref. 559). River bed consists of cobbles, boulders and gravel in riffles and sand and gravel in pools (Ref. 56353). Feed on fishes (Ref. 559). Juveniles migrate from the spawning ground in the sea to the middle reaches of rivers to grow (Ref. 56353). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Distribution-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23929 Asia: Japan. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2014-01-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial Takeshita, N., I. Ikeda, N. Onikura, M. Nishikawa, S. Nagata, S. Matsui and S. Kimura 2005 Growth of the fourspine sculpin <i>Cottus kazika</i> in the Gonokawa River, Japan, and effects of water tempsrature on growth. Fish. Sci. 71(4):784-790. (Ref. 56353) FB-Migration-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2014-01-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Takeshita, N., N. Onikura, S. Nagata, S. Matsui and S. Kimura 1999 A note on the reproductive ecology of the catadromous fourspine sculpin, <i>Cottus kazika</i> (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Ichthyol. Res. 46(3):309-313. (Ref. 35893) FB-LifeCycle-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2014-01-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=23929&StockCode=19022 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat From an aquarium observation, parental care is provided by the male which guarded and cared for the eggs until they hatch (Ref. 56353). Takeshita, N., I. Ikeda, N. Onikura, M. Nishikawa, S. Nagata, S. Matsui and S. Kimura 2005 Growth of the fourspine sculpin <i>Cottus kazika</i> in the Gonokawa River, Japan, and effects of water tempsrature on growth. Fish. Sci. 71(4):784-790. (Ref. 56353) FB-TrophicStrategy-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-01-22 00:00:00 2006-04-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public kazika http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are found in the middle reaches of rivers during the summer; migrates downstream at autumn. Feed on fishes (Ref. 559). From the spawning ground in the sea, juveniles migrate to the middle reaches of the rivers to grow (Ref. 56353). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Size-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2014-01-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23929 30.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 56353)) Takeshita, N., I. Ikeda, N. Onikura, M. Nishikawa, S. Nagata, S. Matsui and S. Kimura 2005 Growth of the fourspine sculpin <i>Cottus kazika</i> in the Gonokawa River, Japan, and effects of water tempsrature on growth. Fish. Sci. 71(4):784-790. (Ref. 56353) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-23929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-06-25 00:00:00 2014-01-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23929 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; catadromous (Ref. 35893); freshwater; brackish; marine, usually ? - 1 m (Ref. 35893) Takeshita, N., N. Onikura, S. Nagata, S. Matsui and S. Kimura 1999 A note on the reproductive ecology of the catadromous fourspine sculpin, <i>Cottus kazika</i> (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Ichthyol. Res. 46(3):309-313. (Ref. 35893) Takeshita, N., N. Onikura, S. Nagata, S. Matsui and S. Kimura 1999 A note on the reproductive ecology of the catadromous fourspine sculpin, <i>Cottus kazika</i> (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Ichthyol. Res. 46(3):309-313. (Ref. 35893)