FB-2212 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Ctenopharynx Ctenopharynx nitidus (Trewavas, 1935) Ruskovaljuahven Chigong'u Saguga 耀栉咽丽鱼 耀櫛咽麗魚 Cyrtocara nitida (Trewavas, 1935) Cyrtocara nitidus (Trewavas, 1935) Haplochromis nitidus Trewavas, 1935 Otopharynx nitidus (Trewavas, 1935) 1991-02-21 2005-12-02 Eccles, D.H. and E. Trewavas0 Malawian cichlid fishes: the classification of some haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, West Germany. 334 p. (Ref. 267) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Maréchal, C.0 Ctenopharynx. p. 60-61. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4981) Konings, A.0 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) Axelrod, H.R.0 The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 864 p. (Ref. 12251) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Nsiku, E.0 Changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976-1996: ecosystem-based analysis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 217 p. M.Sc. thesis. (Ref. 33486) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Ambali, A., H. Kabwazi, L. Malekano, G. Mwale, D. Chimwaza, J. Ingainga, N. Makimoto, S. Nakayama, M. Yuma and Y. Kada0 Relationship between local and scientific names of fishes in Lake Malawi/Nyasa. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (22)3:123-154. (Ref. 53836) Snoeks, J.0 Cichlid diversity, speciation and systematics: examples from the Great African Lakes. J. Aquaricult. Aquat. Sci. 4:150-166. (Ref. 54737) Snoeks, J. (ed.)0 The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55463) Snoeks, J. and T. Nyasulu0 The genus <i>Ctenopharynx</i> Eccles & Trewavas, 1989. p. 86-130. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55925) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FB-GeneralDescr-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-02-21 00:00:00 2005-12-02 16:57:15 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs in shallower part of the sandy shores but also found at levels below 30m (Ref. 5595), and frequents muddy/soft bottoms (Ref. 5595, 55925), but also found over rocky habitat (Ref. 55925). Feeds mainly on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 267). Scoops up large amounts of silty sediment from the sand; commonly observed in small groups of about 5 individuals, but also forages in large schools (Ref. 55925). Maréchal, C. 1991 Ctenopharynx. p. 60-61. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4981) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2005-09-28 16:46:36 2005-12-02 16:59:41 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 Diagnosis: low number of gill-rakers (15-18) (Ref. 55925).Description: relatively elongate; outer teeth mostly bicuspid, in lower jaw somewhat procumbently implanted; only largest specimens with significant number of unicuspid teeth, especially in lateral parts of upper jaw; inner teeth of oral jaw tricuspid, obtuse rather than fine and acute; 3-5 series of scales on cheek; lower pharyngeal jaw relatively wide and delicate, with all teeth slender and acute, none of them enlarged and some recurved; gill-rakers not as close-set as in congenerics, but still elongate and not ramified; 22-29 scales in upper part of lateral line, 12-17 in lower part; (3)5-8 scales between pectoral and pelvic fins (Ref. 55925).Coloration: Live: arrangement of spots as in preserved specimens (Ref. 55925). Adult territorial males of short-spotted form: general color blue; ventral and ventro-lateral parts of head and body yellow, probably darker in highly territorial males; anterior part of body scales yellow, posterior part blue, with the amount of yellow becoming greater towards the ventral part of the body; pectoral fins greyish; pelvic fins black with white leading edge; dorsal and caudal fins greyish blue with yellow-brown maculae and striae; dorsal fin with yellow lappets and white submarginal band; proximal part of anal fin dark, distal part yellowish with yellow ocelli (Ref. 55925). Females of short-spotted form: silvery with bronze hue on dorsal and dorso-lateral parts of head and body, but with yellow ventro-lateral and ventral parts, in particular on head and belly; region between pelvic and anal fins silvery; anterior part of body scales yellow, posterior part silvery, with the amount of yellow becoming greater towards the ventral and ventro-lateral parts of the body; dorsal and caudal fins yellowish grey with brown maculae and striae; pale-yellow dorsal fin lappets; anal fin yellow anteriorly and whitish transparent with pale yellow spots posteriorly; pectoral fins transparent with yellowish hue; pelvic fins yellow with white leading edge (Ref. 55925). Color pattern of immature and non-territorial males of the short-spotted form intermediate between female and adult male pattern, with an increasing intensity of blue with increasing territoriality (Ref. 55925). Non-territorial males of elongate-spotted form: body silvery with a blue hue and some yellow pigment on ventral and lateral part of head and anterior part of body; fins slightly yellowish; dorsal fin with orange-yellow lappets and white submarginal band; dorsal and caudal fins with regular pattern of yellow-brown maculae and striae; anal fin with orange-yellow ocelli (Ref. 55925). Females and immature males of elongate-spotted form similar to short-spotted form but with appreciably less yellow pigment (Ref. 55925). Preserved: species with three spots of variable shape on the body, allowing to discern a short-spotted form and an elongate-spotted form, the latter with a melanin pattern that rather looks like an interrupted line than a series of blotches, due to an elongated suprapectoral and supra-anal spot; suprapectoral spot on upper part of lateral line; supra-anal spot below posterior part of dorsal fin, between upper and lower lateral line; major part of the caudal spot situated on the upper part of the caudal peduncle (Ref. 55925). Adult territorial males: yellow-brown to dark brown, darker on dorsal parts; branchiostegal memebranes and ventral part of body anterior to pelvic fins black; dorsal fin dark brown with dark maculae and white lappets; caudal fin dark brown with indistinct dark maculae; pelvic and anal fins dark brown to black; anal fin with white ventral edge; pectoral fins whitish (Ref. 55925). Juveniles, females and non-territorial males: body brown yellowish; all fins brownish yellow; dorsal and caudal fins with dark maculae; traces of vertical bars can only be seen in juveniles (Ref. 55925). Snoeks, J. and T. Nyasulu 2004 The genus <i>Ctenopharynx</i> Eccles & Trewavas, 1989. p. 86-130. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55925) FB-Morphology-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2005-09-28 16:46:36 2005-12-02 16:59:41 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10 Snoeks, J. and T. Nyasulu 2004 The genus <i>Ctenopharynx</i> Eccles & Trewavas, 1989. p. 86-130. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55925) FB-Distribution-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-02-25 00:00:00 2000-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Africa: Endemic to Lake Malawi. Occurs in the south and north ends of the lake. Maréchal, C. 1991 Ctenopharynx. p. 60-61. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4981) FB-Uses-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-02-21 00:00:00 2005-12-02 16:57:15 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Eccles, D.H. and E. Trewavas 1989 Malawian cichlid fishes: the classification of some haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, West Germany. 334 p. (Ref. 267) Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) FB-TrophicStrategy-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-27 00:00:00 2005-12-02 17:04:13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public nitidus Occurs in shallower part of the sandy shores but also found at levels below 30m (Ref. 5595), and frequents muddy/soft bottoms (Ref. 5595, 55925), but also found over rocky habitat (Ref. 55925). Feeds mainly on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 267). Scoops up large amounts of silty sediment from the sand; commonly observed in small groups of about 5 individuals, but also forages in large schools (Ref. 55925). Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) FB-Size-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-02-21 00:00:00 2005-12-02 16:57:15 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 13.9 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4981)) Maréchal, C. 1991 Ctenopharynx. p. 60-61. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4981) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-02-21 00:00:00 2005-12-02 16:57:15 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2212 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range 2 - 65 m (Ref. 55925), usually 5 - 25 m (Ref. 55925) Snoeks, J. and T. Nyasulu 2004 The genus <i>Ctenopharynx</i> Eccles & Trewavas, 1989. p. 86-130. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55925) Snoeks, J. and T. Nyasulu 2004 The genus <i>Ctenopharynx</i> Eccles & Trewavas, 1989. p. 86-130. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55925)