FB-2076 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2076 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Osteoglossiformes Arapaimidae Arapaima Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) Arapaima Bodeco Pira urucu Pirarucu Pirarucú Pirarucu preto Pirarucu vermelho Pirosca Arapaima velká Arapajma obrovská Arapaima Arapaima Paiche Piracurù Arapaima Giant arapaima Pirarucu Arapaima Harilik arapaima Arapaima Arapaïma Paiche Pirarucu Arapaima арапайма Arapaima Arapaima Paiche Pirarucú Arapajma 巨巴西骨舌魚(引進) 巨巴西骨舌鱼(引进) 巨骨舌鱼 Arapaema gigas (Schinz, 1822) Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) Sudis gigas Cuvier, 1829 Sudis gigas Schinz, 1822 Sudis pirarucu Spix & Agassiz, 1829 Vastres agassizii (non Valenciennes, 1847) Vastres cuvieri Valenciennes, 1847 Vastres mapae (non Valenciennes, 1847) 1991-01-21 2018-01-19 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-2076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-21 00:00:00 2018-01-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2076 Often referred to as the largest freshwater fish. Builds a nest of about 15 cm depth and 50 cm width in sandy bottoms. Spawns in April and May and guards the eggs and the young. Obligate air breather. The fish rises to the surface of the water and inspires air in a noisy, distinctive gulp, which is reported to carry for long distances (Ref. 50891). Migrates into higher floodplain habitats with rising water and moves back eventually to lacustrine habitats during low water level (Ref. 116898). Threatened due to over harvesting (Ref. 58490). Ferraris, C.J. Jr. 2003 Arapaimatidae (Bonytongues). p. 31. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 50891) FB-Distribution-2076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-23 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2076 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats South America: Amazon River basin. The active fishing of this fish has reduced both the population size, and occurrence of large individuals, especially around the populated regions of the Amazon (Ref. 50891). Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari 1986 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329) FB-Uses-2076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-21 00:00:00 2018-01-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2076 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Wheeler, A. 1977 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) FB-TrophicStrategy-2076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Carlos Palma Gonzales 1995-04-25 00:00:00 2000-12-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public gigas http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Has been known to occur at a temperature range of 26-31 °C, pH range of 7.5-7.8, oxygen levels of 2.40-5.60 cc/l. Occurs in small groups and is mainly diurnal (Ref. 9135). Sanchez, J. 1960 "El paiche". Aspectos de su historia natural, ecologia y approvechamiento. Caza y Pesca, Bol., Lima 10:17-63. (Ref. 9135) FB-Size-2076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-21 00:00:00 2018-01-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2076 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 450 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6398)); max. published weight: 200.0 kg (Ref. 557) Axelrod, H.R., W.E. Burgess, N. Pronek and J.G. Walls 1991 Dr. Axelrod's Atlas of freshwater aquarium fishes. Sixth edition. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 6398) Wheeler, A. 1977 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-2076-1522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-04-14 00:00:00 2005-04-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Camallanus Infection 15. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-2076-1627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-12-01 00:00:00 2005-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Gnathostoma Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-2076-1520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-04-13 00:00:00 2005-04-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Goezia Disease 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-2076-1301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-11-30 00:00:00 2005-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 Mexiconema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-2076-1614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-11-30 00:00:00 2005-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 Nilonema Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-2076-1621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-11-30 00:00:00 2005-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Rumai Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-2076-1515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-04-12 00:00:00 2005-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2076&StockCode=2272 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Terranova Infection 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Habitat-2076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-21 00:00:00 2018-01-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2076 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription demersal; freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 10