FB-2066 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 Animalia Chordata Chondrostei Acipenseriformes Acipenseridae Acipenser Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 Stør Storje Størje Czetzugi Czezuga Jesiotr Jesiotr zachodni Jesziotr Creal Esturjao Esturjão Esturjao solho Peixe rei Solho Sôlho Solho-rei Blini blini i Europës Perëndimore Blini turigjate حفش شائع Gaizcata Gaizkata Garz cata Créach Créac'h Atlantichka esetra Nemska essetra Jeseter obecný Jeseter veliký Jeseter velký Pesciu sturio Sturione Styrsiwn Almindelig stør Europæisk stør Stør Baltischer Stör Gemeiner Stör Schirk Stierl Stoer Stohr Stöhr Stör Sturo Atlantic sturgeon Baltic sturgeon Common sturgeon European sturgeon Sea sturgeon Sturgeon Atlandi tuur Euroopa tuur Stohre Tuur Tuurkalla Styrja Sampi Storjer Astourion Astouriou Créa Créac Estourioun Esturgeon Esturgeon atlantique Esturgeon atlantique d'Europe Esturgeon baltique Esturgeon commun Esturgeon d'Europe Esturgeon d'Europe occidentale Esturgeon européen Esturien Esturio Esturioun Esturjon Esturjoun Étrugeon Sturion Jesetric Jesetra Storijun Strljun Štrljun Kestchecke Ketschegi Közönséges tok Szintok Graa-stepa Rodmage Styrja Adano Attilus Clunzia Ladano Musoguzzo Poeccelletta Porcelette Porcelleto Porcello Porzela Porzeleta Purslina Ruvettu Storion Storione Storione comune Storione reale Storium Sturione Sturioun Sturium Sturiuni Chôzame store Asetras Atlantinis ersketas Atlanto ersketas Eršketas Ersketras Sturys Közönseges tok Sturjun Atlanticheskii osetr Atlantiskÿ osetr Baltiiskii osetr Baltiskÿ osetr Baltiyskiy osetr Nemetskij osetr Obiknovenÿ osetr Osstrina Sülime Tanna атлантический осетр Осетр атлантический осетр атлантический Atlantska jesetra Jesetra Moruna Jeseter velký Atlantstör Stör Vanlig stör Açl mersine Kolan Kolan balığı Mersin baligi Surack Syrick Осетер Осетер атлантичний Осетер європейський Esturión Esturión común Marion Sollo Sollo real Sulio Akipissios An bradán fearna Atlantski jesetar Atlantski jeseter Bradan Fearna Eʃketres Esturió Mourouna Mouroúna Stourióni Sip Şip Sipul Stent Steur Stourioni Sturion Viza galbena Xirichi Xyrychi Μουρούνα Μυρσίνη Ξυρύχι Στουριόνι 鲟 鱘 Accipenser attilus Rafinesque, 1820 Accipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 Acipenser attilus Gray, 1851 Acipenser ducissae Duméril, 1870 Acipenser europaeus Brusina, 1902 Acipenser fitzingeri Duméril, 1870 Acipenser fitzingerii Duméril, 1870 Acipenser hospitus Krøyer, 1852 Acipenser laevissimus Duméril, 1870 Acipenser latirostris Parnell, 1831-37 Acipenser milberti Duméril, 1870 Acipenser nehelae Duméril, 1870 Acipenser podapos Duméril, 1870 Acipenser stureio Linnaeus, 1758 Acipenser sturioides Malm, 1861 Acipenser thompsonii Ball, 1856 Acipenser valenciennii Duméril, 1870 Acipenser yarrellii Duméril, 1867 Arcipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 Sturio vulgaris Rafinesque, 1810 1991-01-18 2024-01-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 66(1):3-23. (Ref. 137481) Gessner, J., P. Williot, E. Rochard, J. Freyhof and M. Kottelat0 <i>Acipenser sturio</i> (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T230A242530547. Accessed on 20 June 2025. (Ref. 137675) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard0 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-pic-2066-18800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acstu_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Acstu_u0.gif FB-pic-2066-18801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Acstu_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Acstu_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Amphihaline and anadromous fish (Ref. 51346, 51439), frequenting littoral zones (Ref. 2163, 51439, 51442). A long-lived and slow-growing species (Ref. 9988). It lives the major part of his life in sea but enters rivers for reproduction (Ref. 30578, 51442). Found on various substrates, from sand to rocks (Ref. 51346). At the sea, it occurs in coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits estuaries and large rivers (Ref. 59043). Juveniles found both in estuaries and in the sea (Ref. 2163), they slowly adapt to saltwater (Ref. 89103) and usually spend around 2-3 years in river estuaries before moving to the sea (Ref. 40152), some may migrate to the sea during their first summer (Ref. 59043). Usually solitary. Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, polychaete worms and small fish. Today most males only reach 100-150 cm length, females 130-215 cm (Ref. 59043, 89104). Utilized fresh and frozen, and also for caviar; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). A threatened species, mainly due to bycatch, poaching, habitat degradation (spawning grounds, nursery areas) and physical obstacles to migration (Ref. 26160). Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-03-19 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Body elongated, pentagonal section (Ref. 51442). Snout moderate with tip narrow and pointed (Ref. 3397), mouth inferior (Ref. 59043). Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center (Ref. 3397). Four barbels halfway between snout tip and mouth but not reaching the latter (Ref. 3397, Ref. 51442). No scales, but 5 rows of scutes on the body: dorsal 9-16, lateral 24-39 on each side, ventral 9-14 on each side, with dense cross-lines of smaller rhombic plates between the dorsal and lateral rows (Ref. 2196, Ref. 3397, Ref. 40476, Ref. 51442). Dorsal side greenish-brown to blackish with golden tints, flanks light with silvery tints, belly white (Ref. 3397). Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) FB-Morphology-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-03-19 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 44; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 23 - 30 Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) FB-Distribution-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-09-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Currently restricted only to the Garonne River in France (Ref. 137675). Used to range from Norway to the Bay of Biscay, including the North Sea, European coasts of Atlantic, northern Mediterranean eastward to Rhodos, western and southern Black Sea; occasionally recorded from the White Sea, Iceland, Morocco and Algeria. Anadromous, in most large rivers, but not recorded from Danube upriver of delta. Recent DNA studies using museum specimens revealed that this species co-exists with A. naccarii from the Adriatic Sea to the Iberian Peninsula (Ref. 52173). Several DNA sequence differences were found between individuals of the species from the Gironde River population and from the North and Baltic Seas showing that different populations of A. sturio are genetically divergent (Ref. 82476). Gessner, J., P. Williot, E. Rochard, J. Freyhof and M. Kottelat 2022 <i>Acipenser sturio</i> (errata version published in 2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T230A242530547. Accessed on 20 June 2025. (Ref. 137675) FB-Uses-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial FAO 1986 Fishery statistics - catches and landings. FAO Yearb. 62:480 p. Spillman, C.-J. 1961 Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p. (Ref. 2196) Flower, S.S. 1935 Further notes on the duration of life in animals. I. Fishes: as determined by otolith and scale-readings and direct observations on living individuals. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 2:265-304. (Ref. 274) FB-Migration-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-LifeCycle-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2066&StockCode=2261 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Anadromous species, with adults migrating to the middle reaches of large rivers mainly in spring and early summer. Spawning occurs between March and August, when water temperature rises above 20 °C at depths of 2-10 m over stony bottoms in areas with strong current (1.5-2.0 m/s) (Ref. 51442, 59043, 89103).Mature individuals do not feed during spawning migration (Ref. 3193). Number of spawned eggs increases with age. After spawning adults return to the sea (Ref. 51442). The development of the sticky dark grey eggs (2.6-3.0 mm diameter) takes about one week at 17°C (Ref. 26160, 35388). It is suggested that males spawn every 2 years, females every 3-4 years (Ref. 89072). Upstream spawning migrations appear to be positively correlated with water levels in rivers and distances of 1,000 kilometres or more may be covered when water levels are high (Ref. 89104). Sturgeons in general have a high capacity for hybridization and most species are able to cross-breed (Ref. 89103, 89117). This species has been reported to cross-breed (albeit rarely) with the Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) (Ref. 89105). Svetovidov, A.N. 1984 Acipenseridae. p. 220-225. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3193) FB-TrophicStrategy-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-04-10 00:00:00 2012-01-25 22:19:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public sturio http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Solitary at present because rare (Ref. 231). Feeding ceases during migration and spawning (Ref. 89072). Adults feed on benthic invertebrates and fish (Ref. 231, 51442), larvae and juveniles feed on small crustaceans and insect larvae (Ref. 51442, 89072). Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. FB-Size-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 600 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); max. published weight: 400.0 kg (Ref. 556); max. published weight: 120 kg; max. reported age: 100 years (Ref. 556) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2066 demersal; anadromous (Ref. 138126); freshwater; brackish; marine; pH range: 7.5; dH range: 10 - 20; depth range 4 - 93 m (Ref. 51346), usually 5 - 60 m (Ref. 26160) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) Rochard, E., M. Lepage and L. Meauzé 1997 Identification et caractérisation de l'aire de répartition marine de l'esturgeon européen <i>Acipenser sturio</i> à partir de déclarations de captures. Aquat. Living Resour. 10:101-109. (Ref. 51346) Lepage, M. and E. Rochard 1995 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Acipenser sturio</i> Linnaeus, 1758 (Acipenseridae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 43(1):28. (Ref. 26160)