FB-2035 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Oreochromis Oreochromis amphimelas (Hilgendorf, 1905) Galiläa-Buntbarsch Manyara tilapia 糊黑口孵非鯽 糊黑口孵非鲫 Sarotherodon amphimelas (Hilgendorf, 1905) Tilapia amphimelas Hilgendorf, 1905 Tilapia manyarae Hilgendorf, 1905 1990-12-19 2024-01-22 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Boulenger, G.A.0 Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III. Printed by order of the Trustees, London. 526 p. (Ref. 2989) Eccles, D.H.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels0 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) Coe, M.J.0 The biology of <i>Tilapia grahami</i> Boulenger in Lake Magadi, Kenya. Acta Tropica 23:146-177. (Ref. 11288) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Ufermann, A., R. Allgayer and M. Geerts (eds.)0 Cichlid catalogue (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1840). Vol. 1. Alphabetical catalogue of the cichlid fishes. Mr. Robert Allgayer, 15 rue des Hirondelles, 67350 Dauendorf, France. 1987:i-xv, 439 p. (Ref. 13271) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Seegers, L., R. Sonnenberg and R. Yamamoto0 Molecular analysis of the <i>Alcolapia</i> flock from lakes Natron and Magadi, Tanzania and Kenya (Teleostei: Cichlidae), and implications for their systematics and evolution. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(2):175-199. (Ref. 33477) Copley, H.0 Common freshwater fishes of East Africa. H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd., London. 172p. (Ref. 36900) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Paperna, I.0 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Doc. Zool. 14, 406p. (Ref. 54357) Bailey, R.G.0 Fishes of the genus <i>Tilapia</i> (Cichlidae) in Tanzania, with a key for their identification. East Afr. Agric. For. J. 34(2):194-202. (Ref. 54836) Trewavas, E. and G. Fryer0 Species of <i>Tilapia</i> (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Kitangiri, Tanzania, East Africa. J. Zool. 147:108-118. (Ref. 54840) Hilgendorf, F.0 Fische von Deutsch und Englisch Ost-Afrika. Gesammelt von Oscar Neumann, 1893-95. Zool. Jb. 22:405-420. (Ref. 54846) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 La distribution géographique des <i>Tilapia</i> au Congo. Bull. Séances Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer 9(3):570-605. (Ref. 74387) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner0 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced <i>Oreochromis</i> tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga0 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-pic-2035-13876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-03-19 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Oramp_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Oramp_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-19 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 Found in lakes (Ref. 4967); small bodied forms are present in Lake Eyasi, Lake Manyara and Lake Sulungali, while large bodied forms can be found in Lake Kitangiri and Lake Singida (Ref. 4967, 118638). It is microphagous (Ref. 54840). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 2, 118638). Limited potential as an aquaculture species, it comprises a high proportion of the catch in lakes where it is found (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is endangered, due to restricted distribution, drought and overfishing (Ref. 118638). There is some indication of hybridization with Oreochromis niloticus and O. esculentus (Ref. 118638). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-01-31 00:00:00 2018-11-28 18:06:43 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diagnosis: Slender bodied tilapia, characterised by its small eye and slender head profile with terminal mouth (Ref. 118638); further a narrow preorbital bone and scales of nape, dorsum and belly are very small, the transition from flank to belly scales abrupt, along a curve from base of pectoral fin to vent (Ref. 2). The upper profile of the head is nearly horizontal and in specimens larger than 130 mm total length there is a steep rise from the occiput to the dorsal fin; the caudal peduncle is long and dorsal and anal fins do not reach its posterior end when adpressed (Ref. 2). Live territorial males have jet black dorsal fins and are black underneath but are pinkish-red on flank and caudal fin; under stress, such as following capture, the flanks darken and the whole fish appear dark grey, apart from the reddish tailfin; females and non-territorial males grey/silver with pale ventral region (Ref. 118638).Description: The proportions of the head are characteristic (Ref. 2). The eye is very small, the preorbital bone very narrow, the interorbital space relatively narrow, and the jaws and snout are not enlarged in breeding fishes; in small specimens the nearly horizontal upper profile of the head grades smoothly into the dorsal profile of the trunk, but in the larger fishes of Lake Kitangiri and Lake Singida it rises steeply at the occiput to the origin of the dorsal fin (Ref. 2). The postorbital part of the head occupies a greater percentage of the total head-length than in most species and is usually more than 50% (Ref. 2). The small size of the eye contributes to this unusual balance and the snout is also rather short (Ref. 2). The teeth are in narrow bands; the teeth are very small and specimens with all teeth intact are very rare; many teeth are worn, so that the minor cusp is blunt or absent; some of the teeth in males appear to be true unicuspids, with a single, sharp, brown point; in females teeth of the inner rows are bluntly tricuspid, but in males those of the inmost row are usually unicuspid and the intermediate rows contain bi- and tricuspids (Ref. 2). The gill-rakers of the first arch number 2-4 + 1 + 12-17; they are short and bluntly triangular in males, often expanded to square or spade-shaped in females; no microbranchiospines (Ref. 2). The pharyngeal teeth are very fine and numerous, the toothed area in adults covering less than half the median length of the bone, in the very young about half (Ref. 2). Cycloid scales (Ref. 54846); scales in 2-3, usually 3, rows on the cheek and usually extending on to the preorbital bone; 30-34, usually 31-33, scales in the lateral line series; 5-8 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line; 6-10 scales between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins; an abrupt transition between the normal scales of the flanks and the much smaller scales of chest and belly; scales of dorsal row smaller than those below them, but no naked area at base of dorsal (Ref. 2, 54840). Dorsal fin with XII-XIV spines and 10-12 soft rays; anal fin with III spines and 8-11 soft rays; soft fins blunt, not reaching vertical from base of caudal, at least in females (Ref. 2). Vertebrae 30-32 (Ref. 2). Genital papilla of male approximately spherical or bluntly conical, pigmented (Ref. 2). The caudal peduncle is longer than deep (Ref. 54840).Colouration: General body colour of life females orange-silver, light grey dorsally, with seven or more dark grey vertical bands from the dorsum to below the lateral line; caudal and pelvic fins light orange; iridescent patches on the gill-covers and a blue streak on the cheek; throat yellowish orange (Ref. 2). Males have darker head and body and the vertical fins are black, the soft dorsal and anal with white oblique lines (Ref. 2). Preserved specimens have plain cream-coloured caudal fins in both sexes, and in females the anal and pelvics are, like the caudal and dorsal, only faintly dusky; in males the dorsal, anal and pelvics are grey to black, especially at the edges, and there are series of white dots on the soft dorsal (Ref. 2). There is no tilapia-mark even in the smallest specimens (Ref. 2). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-01-31 00:00:00 2018-11-28 18:06:43 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 11; Vertebrae: 30 - 32 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-19 00:00:00 2018-11-28 18:46:30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Africa: several shallow saline lakes in central Tanzania (Ref. 118630), like lakes Manyara, Eyasi, Kitangiri, Singida and Sulungali (Ref. 5166, 118638). Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner 2018 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced <i>Oreochromis</i> tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) FB-LifeCycle-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-19 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2035&StockCode=2232 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Breeding cycle of about 7 weeks; there is evidence of biparental mouthbrooding (Ref. 2). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-TrophicStrategy-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2005-07-07 19:51:46 2018-11-28 18:42:07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ amphimelas Found in lakes (Ref. 4967); small bodied forms are present in Lake Eyasi, Lake Manyara and Lake Sulungali, while large bodied forms can be found in Lake Kitangiri and Lake Singida (Ref. 4967, 118638). It is microphagous (Ref. 54840). Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga 2018 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-Size-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-19 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 28.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4967)) Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-2035-61 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-05-16 00:00:00 2005-08-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=2035&StockCode=2232 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Lymphocystis Disease. Viral diseases Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-2035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-12-19 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2035 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish