FB-1845 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1845 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Lethrinidae Lethrinus Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830 Xegugo Stompneus-keiser Qeda Sheiry Stumpfnasen-Straßenkehrer Jima Snubnose emperor Nise-hana fuefuki Changu Changu chole Changu kidogo 云纹裸颊鲷 雲紋裸頰鯛 Lethrinus bungus Valenciennes, 1830 Lethrinus mahsenoides (non Valenciennes, 1830) 1990-11-10 2024-08-12 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. 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(Ref. 37631) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Khalaf, M.A. and A.M. Disi0 Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan. 252 p. (Ref. 48643) Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin0 An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. (Ref. 53568) Khalaf, M.A.0 Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Sciences 15(1):23-50. (Ref. 58021) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Carpenter, K.E., F. 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(Ref. 90062) Grandcourt, E., T.Z. Al Abdessalaam, F. Francis and A. Al Shamsi0 Age-based life history parameters and status assessments of by-catch species (<i>Lethrinus borbonicus, Lethrinus microdon, Pomacanthus maculosus and Scolopsis taeniatus</i>) in the southern Arabian Gulf. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 26:381-389. (Ref. 94040) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Ebisawa, A.0 Reproductive and sexual characteristics in five <i>Lethrinus</i> species in waters off the Ryukyu Islands. Ichthyol. Res. 53:269-280. (Ref. 107020) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) Ray, B.C., N.R. Chattopadhyay and S.D. Roy0 Reef fish biodiversity and complexity in the North Bay Reef of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. International Journal of Advanced Fisheries and Aquatic Science 1(1):15-31. (Ref. 114972) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Ziyadi, M.S.F., L.A. Jawad and M.A. Al-Mukhtar0 <i>Halicampus zavorensis</i> Dawson, 1984 (Syngnathidae): new record for Iraqi marine waters and for the Arabian Gulf area. Cah. Biol. Mar. 59:121-126. (Ref. 117365) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Mehanna, S.F.0 Population Dynamics and Assessment of the Snubnose Emperor <i>Lethrinus borbonicus (L. bungus)</i> from the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. 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McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1844-1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-16 2025-10-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lebor_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Lebor_u3.jpg FB-pic-1844-1059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-04-16 2000-07-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lebor_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Lebor_u6.jpg FB-pic-1844-4509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg FAO 1995-06-02 2005-06-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lebor_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Lebor_u0.jpg FB-pic-1844-16207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-01-02 2000-07-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lebor_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Lebor_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 1999-07-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found in sandy areas near reefs during daytime, sometimes in small groups. At night, they are solitary and range over reef-flats and slopes where they feed primarily on echinoderms, mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 2295). The taxonomy of this species has been considerably confused. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-11-19 00:00:00 1995-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat The inner surface of the pectoral fin base is densely scaled; posterior angle of the operculum is fully scaled; cheeks without scales. Color of body is dark gray or yellow-brown, head is brown-gray. The centers of scales are lighter. Sometimes there is an irregular pattern of broken dusky bars becoming whitish on the lower part of the body. The pectoral and pelvic fins are white of pinkish. The dorsal and anal fins are mottled white or yellowish with reddish edge. The caudal fin has indistinct reddish bands. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295) FB-Morphology-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1993-11-19 00:00:00 1995-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295) FB-Distribution-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2018-03-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 Indian Ocean: including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf south to Durban, South Africa, then east to North Bay Reef, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Reports of this species elsewhere are probably due to misidentification. Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295) FB-Uses-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 1999-07-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) FB-LifeCycle-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 1999-07-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1844&StockCode=2040 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Exhibits juvenile hermaphroditism (Ref. 107020). Ebisawa, A. 2006 Reproductive and sexual characteristics in five <i>Lethrinus</i> species in waters off the Ryukyu Islands. Ichthyol. Res. 53:269-280. (Ref. 107020) FB-TrophicStrategy-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-06-25 00:00:00 2008-03-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public borbonicus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Solitary at night and swim over reef-flats and slopes in shallow waters of just 1 m depth (Ref. 2295). Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295) FB-Size-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 1999-07-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2295)) Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen 1989 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 1999-07-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1844 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range ? - 40 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)