FB-1803 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1803 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gadiformes Moridae Rhynchogadus Rhynchogadus hepaticus (Facciolà, 1884) Pławikonik grzywacz Pławikonik sargassowy Cavalo-marinho Cavallu marinu Cavallucciu Almindelig søhest Europäisches Seepferdchen Langschnäuziges Seepferdchen Seepferdchen Long-snouted seahorse Seahorse Sea-horse Spiny seahorse Musta mere merihobuke Pikk-koon merihobuke Täpiline merihobuke Cheval marin Hippocampe Hippocampe à long bec Hippocampe moucheté Morski konjić Cavaddruzzu Caval marino Cavallo de mà Cavalluccie de mare Cavalluccio Cavalluccio 'e mare Cavalluccio marino Cavalo storno Cavvadduzzu 'i mari Quaddu de mari Ziemel Ziemel tal-bahar Ziemel tal-bahar halqu twil Moskoi konek Fläckig Sjöhäst Denizatı Denizatı balığı Denizaygırı balıkları Morskii konik Caballito de mar Căluţ de mare Cavall de mar Dolgonosi morski konjiček Dolgonosi morski konjièek Langsnuitzeepaardje Zeepaardje Αλογάκι της θάλασσας Αλογατάκι Ιππόκαμπος 多枝海馬 多枝海马 Hippocampus bicuspis Kaup, 1856 Hippocampus filamentosus Duméril, 1870 Hippocampus guttulatus multiannularis Ginsburg, 1937 Hippocampus hippocampus microcoronatus Slastenenko, 1938 Hippocampus hippocampus microstephanus Slastenenko, 1937 Hippocampus longirostris Schinz, 1822 Hippocampus ramulosus Leach, 1814 1990-10-25 2013-07-15 Bertolini, F., U. D'Ancona, E. Padoa Montalenti, S. Ranzi, L. Sanzo, A. Sparta, E. Tortonese and M. Vialli0 Uova, larve e stadi giovanili di Teleostei. Fauna Flora Golfo Napoli Monogr. 38:1-1064. (Ref. 65) Papasissi, C.0 A contribution to the study of the biology of the ichthyoplankton in the Gulf of Kissamos (N.W. Crete, Greece). Thesis. 300 p. (Ref. 76) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.)0 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. (Ref. 232) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Svetovidov, A.N.0 Handbook of the fauna of the USSR, fishes of the Black Sea. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 550 p. (Ref. 897) Dawson, C.E.0 Syngnathidae. p. 658-664. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4509) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Dawson, C.E.0 Syngnathidae. p. 628-639. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 6733) Wheeler, A.0 Syngnathidae. p. 274-279. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7501) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Lelong, P.0 Hippocampe moucheté, <i>Hippocampus ramolosus</i>. Océanorama (Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard) No. 24, June 1995, p. 19-20. (Ref. 9937) Hudson, E. and G. Mace (eds.)0 Marine fish and the IUCN red list of threatened animals. Report of the workshop held in collaboration with WWF and IUCN at the Zoological Society of London, April 29-May 1 1996. World Wildlife Fund, Zoological Society of London, The World Conservation Union, 26 p. (Ref. 11858) Swaby, S.E. and G.W. Potts0 Rare British marine fishes - identification and conservation. J. Fish Biol. 37(Suppl.A):133-143. (Ref. 12140) Vincent, A.C.J.0 The international trade in seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. 163 p. (Ref. 12238) Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255) Amori, G., F.M. Angelici, S. Frugis, G. Gandolfi, R. Groppali, B. Lanza, G. Relini and G. Vicini0 Vertebrata. In A. Minelli, S. Ruffo and S. La Posta (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana, 110. Calderini, Bologna, 83 p. (Ref. 13729) Costa, F.0 Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani. Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore S.p.A. Milano, Italy. 438 p. (Ref. 26335) Lowe-McConnell, R.H.0 The fishes of the British Guiana continental shelf, Atlantic coast of South America, with notes on their natural history. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. (London) 44(301):667-700. (Ref. 26819) Arias, A. and P. Drake0 Estados juveniles de la ictiofauna en las caños de las salinas de la bahia de Cadiz. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia. CSIC. (Ref. 29096) Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall0 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Gibbons, S.0 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p. (Ref. 31522) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Lanfranco, G.G.0 The fish around Malta (Central Mediterranean). Progress Press Co. Ltd. (Malta). 132 p. (Ref. 33971) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Lanfranco, G.G.0 The fish around Malta. Progress Press Co., Ltd., Malta. (Ref. 39819) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476) Nunes, A.0 Peixes da Madeira. Edição da Junta Geral do distrito Autón. (Ref. 43402) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2002 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. (Ref. 44092) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Check-list of marine fishes of Greece. Fauna Graeciae IV, 257 p. (Ref. 48657) Louisy, P.0 Guide d'identification des poissons marins. Europe et Méditerranée. Paris: Eds. Eugène Ulmer. (Ref. 50675) Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.)0 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. (Ref. 51024) Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent0 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65(1):1-61. (Ref. 52034) Boisseau, J.0 Les régulations hormonales de l'incubation chez un Vertèbre male: recherches sur la reproduction de l'Hippocampe. l'Université de Bordeux , France. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 53712) Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett and D.T.G. Quigley0 Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) <i>List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles</i>. J. Fish Biol. 65(Suppl.B):1-40. (Ref. 54735) Iacob, L. and I. Dima0 Regnul Animalia. Eukarya. Enciclopedia Florei si Faunei din Romania. (Ref. 56616) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of April 2006. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in April 2006. (Ref. 56787) Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa 113(1):1-194. (Ref. 57855) Mercader, L., D. Lloris and J. Rucabado0 Tots els peixos del mar Catala. Diagnosis I claus d'identifucació. Institut D'estudis Catalans. Barcelona. 350p. (Ref. 57922) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Plejic, T.0 Fische der Adria. Das romanische Element in der kroatischen Ichthyofauna. Mit Glossar der Adriafische Kroatisch-Englisch-Deutsch-Italienisch. Diploma Thesis. University of Leipzig Institute of Applied Linguistics and Translational Studies. (Ref. 58723) Verdiell-Cubedo, D., F.J. Oliva-Paterna and M. Torralba0 Length-weight relationships for 22 fish species of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (western Mediterranean Sea). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:293-294. (Ref. 59099) Gurkan, S. and E. Taskavak0 Length-weight relationships for syngnathid fishes of the Aegean Sea, Turkey. Belgian J. Zool. 137(2):219-222. (Ref. 72413) Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer0 Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Ref. 72462) Koutrakis, E.T., A.K. Kokkinakis, E.A. Eleftheriadis and M.D. Argyropoulou0 Seasonal changes in distribution and abundance of the fish fauna in the two estuarine systems of Strymonikos Gulf (Macedonia, Greece). Belgian J. Zool. 130:41-48. (Ref. 74833) Gislason, H., N. Daan, J.C. Rice and J.G. Pope0 Does natural mortality depend on individual size?. ICES CM 2008/F:16. (Ref. 79880) Curtis, J.M.R. and A.C.J. Vincent0 Life history of an unusual marine fish: survival, growth and movement patterns of <i>Hippocampus guttulatus</i> Cuvier 1829. J. Fish Biol. 68(3):707-733. (Ref. 79902) Kitsos, M.-S., Th. Tzomos, L. Anagnostopoulou and A. Koukouras0 Diet composition of the seahorses, <i>Hippocampus guttulatus</i> Cuvier, 1829 and <i>Hippocampus hippocampus</i> (L., 1758) (Teleostei, Syngnathidae) in the Aegean Sea. J. Fish Biol. 72(6):1259-1267. (Ref. 83361) Dhora, Dh.0 Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. Shkodër: Camaj-Pipa. 208 p. (Ref. 83428) Rutkowicz, S.0 Encyklopedia ryb morskich (Encyclopaedia of sea fishes). Wydawnictwo Morskie, Gdańsk, pp. 663. (Ref. 84168) Muus, B., J.G. Nielsen, P. Dahlstrøm and B.O. Nielsen0 Havfisk og fiskeri. Gads forlag København, 5 ed. (Ref. 84169) Veiga, P., D. Machado, C. Almeida, L. Bentes, P. Monteiro, F. Oliveira, M. Ruano, K. Erzini and J.M.S. Gonçalves0 Weight-length relationships for 54 species of the Arade estuary, southern Portugal. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:493-496. (Ref. 85826) Bañón, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes and J.C. Arronte0 Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667:1-27. (Ref. 86578) Torcu, H., Z. Aka and İşbİlİr0 An investigation on fishes of the Turkish Republic of northern Cyprus. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 25: 155-159. (Ref. 88082) Lourie, S.A., S.J. Foster, E.W.T. Cooper and A.C.J. Vincent0 A guide to the identification of seahorses. Project Seahorse and TRAFFIC North America. Washington D.C.: University of British Columbia and World Wildlife Fund. 114 p. (Ref. 89253) Woodall, L.C.0 Population genetics and mating systems of European seahorse <i>Hippocampus guttulatus</i> and <i>Hippocampus hippocampus</i>. PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, U.K. (Ref. 89255) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Gurkan, S., B. Bayhan, S. Can Akcinar and E. Taskavak0 Length-weight relationship of fish from shallow waters of Cadarli Bay (North Aegean Sea, Turkey). Pakistan J. Zool. 42(4):495-498. (Ref. 91093) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 25 September 2012. UNEP. (Ref. 93496) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 12 June 2013. UNEP. (Ref. 94142) Miniconi, R. and Parc naturel régional de la Corse0 Parc naturel régional de Corse: poissons de Corse et de Méditerranée. Ajaccio: Parc naturel régional de la Corse; [Clermont-Ferrand] : Atelier de recherche des parcs pour l'expression graphique et l'édition, 116 p. (Ref. 94543) Goren, M.0 The fishes of the Mediterranean: a biota under siege. pp. 385-400. In Goffredo, S. and Z. Dubinsky. 2014. The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges. Springer Netherlands. 655 pp. (Ref. 95489) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lloris, D., J. Rucabado, Ll. del Cerro, F. Portas, M. Demestre and A. Roig0 Tots els peixos del Mar Català. I: Llistat de cites I referències. Treballs Soc. Cat. Ict. Herp. 1:1-208. (Ref. 95727) Francour, P., P. Bodilis, J.M. Cottalorda and C. Seytre0 Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la réserve naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et à proximité de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Régional de la Corse. Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice:1-54. (Ref. 95773) Psomadakis, P.N., S. Giustino and M. Vacchi0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity: an updated inventory with focus on the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas. Zootaxa 3263:1-46. (Ref. 95871) Miniconi, R.0 Complément à l'inventaire des poissons des eaux de Corse (1994-2011). Biologie - Pȇche - Localisation. Edition A Barcella Ajaccio, 50 p. (Ref. 96325) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) CITES and UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 05 February 2015. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Http://checklist.cites.org. [Accessed 04/11/2015]. (Ref. 102318) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 10 March 2016. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 23/06/2016]. (Ref. 108899) Papaconstantinou, C.0 Fauna Graeciae. An updated checklist of the fishes in the Hellenic seas. Monagraphs on Marine Sciences 7 (Ref. 113897) Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster0 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Keskin, C.0 A preliminary study on demersal fishes in the southwestern Black Sea shelf (NW Turkey). J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 18(3):341-349. (Ref. 115544) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 April 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 01/08/2017]. (Ref. 115941) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017]. (Ref. 118484) Kasapoglu, N. and E. Duzgunes0 Length-weight relationships of marine species caught by five gears from the Black Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science 15(1):95-100. (Ref. 119290) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia and A.C.J. Vincent0 Comprehensive review of advances in life history of 35 seahorse species, drawn from community science. Fisheries Centre Research Report 31(1):107p. (Ref. 128812) Caldwell, I.R. and A.C.J. Vincent0 A sedentary fish on the move: effects of displacement on long-snouted seahorse (<i>Hippocampus guttulatus</i> Cuvier) movement and habitat use. Environmental Biology of Fishes 96(1):67-75. (Ref. 129665) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Gurkan, S., E. Taskavak, T.M. Sever and S. Akalin0 Gut contents of two European seahorses <i>Hippocampus hippocampus</i> and <i>Hippocampus guttulatus</i> in the Aegean Sea, coasts of Turkey. Pakistan J. Zool. 43(6):1197-1201. (Ref. 131386) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia, S.J. Foster, H.J. Koldewey and A.C.J. Vincent0 Advances in life‐history knowledge for 35 seahorse species from community science. J. Fish Biol. 104(5):1548-1565. (Ref. 137497) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-25 00:00:00 2023-06-07 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Commonly referred to as Hippocampus ramulosus. Occurs mostly in shallow inshore waters including littoral lagoons (Ref. 9937) among algae and eel grass (Zostera or Posidonia), or among rocks and in gravel bottoms (Ref. 52034). Juveniles were observed to recruit to vegetated habitats at 8.8- 10.4 cm length (Ref. 79902). Adults (from 12.5 cm length) appear to maintain very restricted home ranges (19.9 ± 12.4 m2) over multiple years making limited daily movements. (Ref. 79902). May move to deeper waters during winter (Ref. 53712). Like other seahorse species, adult dispersals over large distances is probably caused by strong wave action and currents during storms or when it anchors itself to floating debris (Ref. 52034). Is thought to live for 4-7 years (Ref. 79902). Because of its early age at maturity, rapid growth rate, short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season, resilience is thought to be high (Ref. 88171). However, in tropical areas where seagrass beds are regularly exploited for other species of seahorses for the aquarium trade, traditional medicine, etc., populations have been quickly eradicated (Ref. 89253). Can be maintained in an aquarium environment if trained to feed on dead animals (Ref. 88171). Length type OT refers to height (= TL - head length), Ref. 30915. Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 2000-01-18 00:00:00 2016-06-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 Description (based on 46 specimens): Adult height: 8.5-18.0cm. Rings: 11 + 37-39 (35-40). Snout length: 2.3-2.8 in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 19-20 (17-20) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16-18. Coronet: small but distinct, with 5 rounded knobs or blunt points; horizontal plate in front of coronet as high as coronet itself, with a more or less prominent spine at its front edge; coronet not joined smoothly to neck. Spines: medium to well-developed with blunt tips. Other distinctive characters: prominent rounded eye spines; often with a mane of thick skin fronds on neck and head. Color pattern: from dark green to brown (Refs. 52034, 89230); prominent white spots on body (often with a dark ring around them) which tend to coalesce into horizontal wavy lines103; may be variously mottled or with pale ‘saddles’ across dorsolateral surface. Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Morphology-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 2000-01-18 00:00:00 2016-06-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 1720 Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Distribution-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-25 00:00:00 2024-08-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Eastern Atlantic: British Isles and the Netherlands to Morocco, Canary Islands (Ref. 4509), Madeira, and the Azores, including the Mediterranean (Ref. 89253) and the Black Sea (Ref. 89255). Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-Uses-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-25 00:00:00 2023-06-07 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability: Vincent, A.C.J. 1996 The international trade in seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. 163 p. (Ref. 12238) FB-LifeCycle-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Daniel Pauly 1990-10-25 00:00:00 2023-06-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1802&StockCode=1998 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Ovoviviparous. During the mating season, mature males and females have been observed to change hue, i.e., become brighter, when courting (Refs. 52034, 89259). Female deposits her eggs on the brood pouch of the male which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Gestation usually lasts 21 days (Ref. 89322) and brood sizes up to 581 have been reported (Refs. 53712, 79902, 89322). Young are expelled from the pouch measuring 1.5 cm after 3 weeks of incubation. Size at birth ranges from 0.6-1.4 cm length (Ref. 79902). Newly hatched young are planktonic for at least 8 weeks (Ref. 53712). Lelong, P. 1995 Hippocampe moucheté, <i>Hippocampus ramolosus</i>. Océanorama (Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard) No. 24, June 1995, p. 19-20. (Ref. 9937) FB-TrophicStrategy-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Daniel Pauly 1995-10-26 00:00:00 2023-06-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public guttulatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Visual and sedentary ambush predator, waiting for small crustaceans and benthic larvae to approach (Ref. 89230 ). Has the ability to change its colour to blend better with its surroundings. This likely plays a role in its feeding strategy and also in predator avoidance (Ref. 52034). Algae were found to be the fourth most common item in the stomachs (Ref. 83361). However there is some speculation that seahorses in general do not feed on algae and that plant material in stomachs of seahorses is probably ingested while feeding on other prey (Ref. 52034). Dwells in coral and rocky reefs, and subtidal rocky substrates (Ref. 128812). Lelong, P. 1995 Hippocampe moucheté, <i>Hippocampus ramolosus</i>. Océanorama (Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard) No. 24, June 1995, p. 19-20. (Ref. 9937) FB-Size-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Christine Papasissi 1990-10-25 00:00:00 2023-06-07 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 21.5 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 79902)); 18 cm OT (female) Curtis, J.M.R. and A.C.J. Vincent 2006 Life history of an unusual marine fish: survival, growth and movement patterns of <i>Hippocampus guttulatus</i> Cuvier 1829. J. Fish Biol. 68(3):707-733. (Ref. 79902) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-25 00:00:00 2023-06-07 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1802 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 30 m (Ref. 128812) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia and A.C.J. Vincent 2023 Comprehensive review of advances in life history of 35 seahorse species, drawn from community science. Fisheries Centre Research Report 31(1):107p. (Ref. 128812)