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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-17176</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17176</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Pleuronectiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cynoglossidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Cynoglossus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Uroko-kabuto-uo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Melánfido</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>多鱗孔頭鯛</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>多鳞孔头鲷</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1996-03-20</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=17178'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4502&amp;speccode=17178'>Maul, G.E.0 Melamphaidae. p. 612-618. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4502)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=17178'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=17178'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5969&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9068&amp;speccode=17178'>Pequeño, G.0 Peces de Chile. Lista sistematica revisada y comentada. Rev. Biol. Mar., Valparaiso 24(2):1-132. (Ref. 9068)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9902&amp;speccode=17178'>Okiyama, M.0 An atlas of the early stage fishes in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 1154 p. (Ref. 9902)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13608&amp;speccode=17178'>Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.)0 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=17178'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=17178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=17178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36648&amp;speccode=17178'>Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37108&amp;speccode=17178'>Cohen, D.M., A.W. Ebeling, T. Iwamoto, S.B. McDowell, N.B. Marshall, D.E. Rosen, P. Sonoda, W.H. Weed III and L.P. Woods0 Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part six. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 37108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=17178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40919&amp;speccode=17178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51657&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Family Melamphaidae Gill 1893, bigscales. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes (29):11. (Ref. 51657)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=17178'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58302&amp;speccode=17178'>Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86942&amp;speccode=17178'>Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87970&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Revision of genus &lt;i&gt;Melamphaes&lt;/i&gt; (Melamphaidae). II. Multi-raker species: &lt;i&gt;M. polylepis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. falsidicus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, &lt;i&gt;M. pachystomus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, &lt;i&gt;M. macrocephalus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. leprus&lt;/i&gt;. J. Ichthyol. 51(8):658-661. (Ref. 87970)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90261&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Revision of genus &lt;i&gt;Melamphaes&lt;/i&gt; (Melamphaidae): Part 4. Multi-raker species: &lt;i&gt;M. ebelingi, M. occlusus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, and &lt;i&gt;M. nikolayi&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 52 (3):279-287. J. Ichthyol. 52(4):247-254. (Ref. 90261)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-92-5-133094-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123424&amp;speccode=17178'>Sutton, T.T., P.A. Hulley, R. Wienerroither, D. Zaera-Perez and J.R. Paxton0 Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the central and south east Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO, xvi+327 p. (Ref. 123424)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124495&amp;speccode=17178'>Eduardo, L.N., M.M. Mincarone, F. Lucena-Frédou, J.R. Martins, G.V.F. Afonso, B.T. Villarins, T. Frédou, A.S. Lira and A. Bertrand0 Length-weight relationship of twelve mesopelagic fishes from the western Tropical Atlantic. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36:845-848. (Ref. 124495)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126117&amp;speccode=17178'>Czudaj, S., C. Möllmann and H.O. Fock0 Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor). J. Fish Biol. (Ref. 126117)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=17178'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-17178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-03-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>This species is caught by open-mouth nets at 4228-0 m, with original sampling done by closing-mouth nets at 1000 m (Ref. 87970).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4502&amp;speccode=17178'>Maul, G.E. 1990 Melamphaidae. p. 612-618. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-17178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-01-26 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2011-10-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>The species is characterized by the following:  first gill arch with 20-22 rakers; vertebrae 29 (28-30 reported by Ebeling, 1962), abdominal vertebrae 11 (rarely, 12);  two ventrolateral-oriented spurs on the haemal arch of the first caudal vertebra; D III 14-15 (rarely, III 13); P 15; soft rays in the ventral fin 7; ventral fin starts after the vertical line of the posterior margin of the pectoral fin basement (rarely, from this vertical line);  anal fin starts under the last ray of the dorsal fin or just after the dorsal fin; operculum  with 4 scales (Ref. 87970).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87970&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N. 2011 Revision of genus &lt;i&gt;Melamphaes&lt;/i&gt; (Melamphaidae). II. Multi-raker species: &lt;i&gt;M. polylepis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. falsidicus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, &lt;i&gt;M. pachystomus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, &lt;i&gt;M. macrocephalus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. leprus&lt;/i&gt;. J. Ichthyol. 51(8):658-661. (Ref. 87970)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-17178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-01-26 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2011-10-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15;  Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 7 - 8</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=87970&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N. 2011 Revision of genus &lt;i&gt;Melamphaes&lt;/i&gt; (Melamphaidae). II. Multi-raker species: &lt;i&gt;M. polylepis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. falsidicus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, &lt;i&gt;M. pachystomus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nova, &lt;i&gt;M. macrocephalus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. leprus&lt;/i&gt;. J. Ichthyol. 51(8):658-661. (Ref. 87970)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-17178</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-03-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17178</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Circumtropical in North Atlantic (3°56'N, 12°33'W and 10°21'N, 17°59'W in the eastern Atlantic).  Indo-Pacific:  including Japan (Ref. 599) and New Zealand (Ref. 5755).  Southeast Pacific:  Chile (Ref. 9068).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4502&amp;speccode=17178'>Maul, G.E. 1990 Melamphaidae. p. 612-618. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4502)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-17178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-03-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>7.9 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 126117)); max. published weight: 11.1 g (Ref. 126117)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126117&amp;speccode=17178'>Czudaj, S., C. Möllmann and H.O. Fock 2022 Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor). J. Fish Biol. (Ref. 126117)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126117&amp;speccode=17178'>Czudaj, S., C. Möllmann and H.O. Fock 2022 Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor). J. Fish Biol. (Ref. 126117)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-17178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-03-20 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=17178</dc:source>
	<dc:description>bathypelagic; marine; depth range 200 - 2250 m (Ref. 51657)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51657&amp;speccode=17178'>Kotlyar, A.N. 2004 Family Melamphaidae Gill 1893, bigscales. Calif. Acad. Sci. Annotated Checklists of Fishes (29):11. (Ref. 51657)</reference></dataObject>
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