FB-1590 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1590 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Alosidae Brevoortia Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842) Menhaden wielkołuski Menhadem-escamudo Menhaden mexický Placka menhaden Gulf-menhaden Bunker Gulf menhaden Largescale menhaden Large-scale menhaden Moss bunker Pogy Shad Lahemenheden Menhaden écailleux סרדינן אמריקאי мэнхеден большечешуйный Gulfmenhaden Lacha escamuda Menhaden Sardina lacha Mehiški menhaden 大鱗油鯡 大鳞油鲱 Brevoortia petronus Goode, 1878 1990-10-17 2013-07-15 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Whitehead, P.J.P.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. 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Garber0 Diet of tripletail, <i>Lobotes surinamensis</i>, from Mississippi coastal waters. Gulf Caribb. Res. 15:27-32. (Ref. 55089) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Anderson, J.D. and D.L. McDonald0 Morphological and genetic investigations of two western Gulf of Mexico menhadens (<i>Brevoortia</i> spp.). J. Fish Biol. 70(Suppl.A):139-147. (Ref. 84218) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. 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Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Lynch, A.J.0 A molecular analysis of Atlantic menhaden (<i>Brevoortia tyrannus</i>) stock structure. USA: Virginia, The College of William and Mary, MSc Thesis, 241 p. (Ref. 138105) FB-pic-1589-10156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Brpat_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Brpat_u0.gif FB-pic-1589-11426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Brpat_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Brpat_u1.gif FB-pic-1589-49020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Brandi Noble 2008-06-17 2010-05-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Brpat_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Brpat_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occur inshore in summer, but at least some moving into deeper waters from October (Mississippi Delta area). Feed in dense schools, filtering phytoplankton, but probably also feed at the bottom. Apparently breed in winter (October to February, with a peak in January). Salinity tolerance range from 0.1-60 ppt, but the commercial catch is mostly from 5.0-24 ppt. Marketed fresh, salted or canned. Mainly used as source of fish oil; also as fish meal (Ref. 188). Isopod is found in the mouth (Ref. 37032). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Scutes along belly; upper jaw with median notch. Pelvic fin with rounded hind margin, inner fin rays equal or nearly equal to outer fin rays when fin folded back. Pre-dorsal scales modified; scales in lateral series large, those on back and above anal fin base a little smaller and more irregular than rest. A black spot behind gill opening, followed by a series of spots along flank (Ref. 188). Back bluish gray, Sides brassy green (Ref. 37032). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2016-06-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Florida Bay, Gulf of Campeche, Mexico), but no certain records from Caribbean. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Uses-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: highly commercial; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FB-LifeCycle-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1589&StockCode=1782 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Make inshore-offshore movements (Ref. 34923). Larvae stay in offshore waters for 3-5 weeks before moving into estuaries where they grow into adults (Ref. 34923). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2001-03-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public patronus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inshore in summer, but at least some moving out into deeper waters from October (Mississippi delta area), although adults have been recorded near the shore in winter (Gulf of Florida). Feeds in dense schools as filter-feeders, but probably also feeds at bottom because of the presence of mud in the stomach. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 35.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1589 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic-neritic; marine; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)