FB-15437 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15437 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sciaenidae Johnius Johnius pacificus Hardenberg, 1941 Japanský rejnok omámený Narcina japonská Plettet elrokke Electric numb ray Electric ray Japanese electric ray Japanese sleeper ray Japanese spotted torpedo Jaapani nark Shibire-ei Chǒn-gi-ga-o-ri 전기가오리 гнюс японский скат японский электрический Japanse sluimerrog Rì běn dān qí diàn yáo 日本单鳍电鳐 日本單鰭電鰩 日本电鲼 日本電鱝 雷鱼 Torpedo japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 1995-10-19 2009-08-20 Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Nguyen, H.P. and H.L. Tran0 Checklist of marine fishes in Viet Nam. Vol. 1. Amphioxi and Chondrichthyes. Science and Technics Publishing House, Viet Nam. (Ref. 9705) Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last0 Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913) Møller, P.R.0 Electric fishes: history and behavior. Chapman & Hall, London. 584 p. (Ref. 10011) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim and Y.S. Kim0 Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 288 p. (Ref. 11230) Asahida, T., H. Ida, H. Terashima and H.Y. Chang0 Karyotypes of two rays, <i>Torpedo tokionis</i> and <i>Dasyatis matsubarai</i>, and their systematic relationships. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 37(1):71-75. (Ref. 12532) Ida, H., I. Sato and N. Miyawaki0 Karyotypes of two species in the order Torpediniformes. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 32(1):107-111. (Ref. 12598) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok0 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152. (Ref. 31075) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao and C.-Y. Wu0 Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2):113-140. (Ref. 43515) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-15438-29130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-02 2005-07-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Najap_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Najap_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-20 00:00:00 2018-08-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913, 11230). Found on sand, often near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Biology little known (Ref. 9913), but locally common in Taiwan and Japan (Ref. 114953). Produces 4-6 pups per litter. Maturity size of males known at 25 cm TL. Not utilized for food. Capable of producing a moderate shock to humans (Ref. 114953). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951). Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last 1999 Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913) FB-Distribution-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-20 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438 Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the South China Sea near Hong Kong, including Taiwan. Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last 1999 Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913) FB-Uses-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-20 00:00:00 2018-08-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability: Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last 1999 Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913) FB-LifeCycle-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-20 00:00:00 2018-08-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=15438&StockCode=14696 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Ovoviviparous. Up to 5 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last 1999 Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913) FB-TrophicStrategy-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-05-24 00:00:00 2001-05-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public japonica http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on sand, often near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) FB-Size-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-20 00:00:00 2018-08-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 12951)) Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-15438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-20 00:00:00 2018-08-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15438 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; marine; depth range 100 - ? m (Ref. 114953) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)