FB-1538 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1538 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Dorosomatidae Nannothrissa Nannothrissa parva (Regan, 1917) Pelonula dravá Stortandet pellonula-sild Bigtoothed pellonula Hambuline pellonula Amoni Nzombimbi Pellonale Sardine Sprat Taga rana Worongi Ntita Njasaan Samba amul kawar Salanpore Gbodo Honoumassaè Isiga Isoun Mbia Osendjele 大齒寬頜鯡 大齿宽颌鲱 Pellonula modesta (non Fischer, 1885) Pellonula stanleyana Regan, 1917 Pollonula vorax Günther, 1868 1990-10-17 2024-01-22 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Whitehead, P.J.P.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. 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Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corush, J.B.0 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-pic-1537-11356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-26 2010-08-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pevor_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pevor_u0.gif FB-pic-1537-11357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-26 1996-06-26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pevor_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pevor_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are found in rivers and streams (Ref. 188). They form large schools in lower courses of rivers (Ref. 2244, 43836), and are very abundant in brackish water habitat (Ref. 86940). Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Révision du genre <i>Pellonula</i> des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-23 19:49:47 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 Diagnosis: Body moderate or fairly deep, its depth 23-30% of standard length; 1 or more scutes beginning in front of base of first pectoral finray, with 11-16 pre-pelvic and 8-11 post-pelvic scutes, and a total of 20-25 scutes, first pre-pelvic scute always longer and better developed than following scutes lacking ascending arms; lower jaw slightly projecting, teeth at symphysis large in large specimens; pre-maxilla teeth well-developed, fairly straight and outward pointing, an indented toothless gap at centre of jaw; lower gillrakers 24-37, equal to or longer than corresponding gill filaments; silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). It resembles Pellonula leonensis, which has small and inward-curving teeth and no pre-pectoral scutes (Ref. 188, 81269, 81631). The absence of large canine teeth in the upper jaw distinguishes it from Odaxothrissa (Ref. 188).Description: Body moderate or fairly deep, its depth 23-30% of standard length (Ref. 188, 2244). Head length about 30% of standard length (Ref. 2244). Lower jaw projecting, with well-developed teeth, but no enlarged canine teeth; maxillary extending to below anterior border of eye or a little beyond (Ref. 1878, 2244, 3022). A group of teeth on each side of the palatinum; generally 3 rows of teeth on the tongue; conical teeth relatively well developed on the dentary and pre-maxillary; pre-maxillary teeth are directed towards the outside of the mouth; length of supra-maxillary and width of maxillary respectively 58.6-75.8% and 16.2-22.0% of maxillary length, whose base bears up to 40 small conical teeth (Ref. 2244). First gill arch with 34-54 gill rakers, of which 24-37 on the lower limb, generally longer than the corresponding filaments on the first gill arch (Ref. 2244, 2849, 81269, 81631). Dorsal fin with 15-19 rays, the first dorsal-fin ray slightly in front or behind the insertion of the pelvic fin; anal fin with 16-21 rays; pectoral fin with 12-18 rays; pelvic fin with 8 rays; length of pectoral fin generally more than half the pectoral-pelvic fin distance; caudal fin deeply forked, with pointed lobes (Ref. 1878, 2244, 2849, 81269, 81631). Cycloid scales; 38-48 scales on longitudinal series; 13-14 scales in transverse series (Ref. 1878, 2244, 3032). First pre-pelvic scute better developed and longer than following ones lacking ascending arms and located at isthmus in front of the base of the first pectoral fin ray; 10-16 pre-pelvic scutes and 8-11 post-pelvic scutes (Ref. 188, 2244, 2849, 81269, 81631). Vertebrae 42-43; with 21-26 abdominal vertebrae, 17-23 caudal vertebrae and 10-12 predorsal bones (Ref. 2244, 41578).Colouration: Ground colour in preserved specimens variable from yellow-brown to yellow-gray; operculum, ventral region and flanks usually lighter (Ref. 2244, 2849, 81269, 81631). Silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188). Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Révision du genre <i>Pellonula</i> des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244) FB-Morphology-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-23 19:49:47 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 19; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 16 - 21; Vertebrae: 42 - 43 Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Révision du genre <i>Pellonula</i> des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244) FB-Distribution-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2020-10-23 20:02:55 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Africa: lagoons and lower parts of rivers from Liberia to Angola (Ref. 188, 2244, 28136, 81269, 81631), also in Guinea-Bissau (Ref. 3033); however it seems to be absent in the area between Ghana and Niger River Delta (Ref. 2244, 28136), except for Lake Nokoué (Ref. 81269). This species was not observed far upstream rivers (Ref. 2244), although it has been found recently in Léfini River, part of Middle Congo River basin (Ref. 88782). The type locality of the syntypes of the nominal species Pellonula stanleyana, 'Stanley Falls' (Ref. 2263), seems to be an erroneous locality (Ref. 188), and should be 'Cette Cama [= Sette Cama]' in Gabon (Ref. 2244). Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Révision du genre <i>Pellonula</i> des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244) FB-Uses-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: subsistence fisheries Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) FB-Migration-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-TrophicStrategy-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2019-09-30 17:06:50 2019-09-30 17:06:50 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public vorax http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Found in rivers and streams (Ref. 188). It forms large schools in lower courses of rivers (Ref. 2244, 43836), and is very abundant in brackish water habitat (Ref. 86940). Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Révision du genre <i>Pellonula</i> des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244) FB-Size-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 12.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 188)) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1537 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic; anadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280)