FB-1356 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1356 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sparidae Spondyliosoma Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tangstikling Pocierniec Eagana-gata-marinha Crothell bymtheg-pigyn tangsharre Tangsnarre Vejrfish Fünfzehnstachliger Stichling Seestichling Fifteen-spine stickleback Fifteenspined stickleback Fifteen-spined stickleback Sea stickleback raudkiisk Strentingur Vaskikala Épinoche de mer Snaid-varrey jürasstagars jürinė dyglė tangspigg Tångspigg Garmachán farraige Morski zet Zeestekelbaars 海刺魚 海刺鱼 隐棘刺鱼 隱棘刺魚 Gasterosteus spinachia Linnaeus, 1758 Spinachia vulgaris Fleming, 1828 1990-10-17 2013-07-18 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. Academic Press, London, UK. 524 p. (Ref. 37) Froese, R. and C. Papasissi0 The use of modern relational databases for identification of fish larvae. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 6(1):37-45. (Ref. 38) Halbeisen, H.-W.0 Bestimmungsschlüssel für Fischlarven der Nordsee und angrenzender Gebiete. Ber. Inst. Meeresk. Nr. 178. (Ref. 39) Ehrenbaum, E.0 Eier und Larven von Fischen der deutschen Bucht. III. Fische mit festsitzenden Eiern. Wiss. Meeresunters. Abt. Kiel und Abt. Helgol. (n.s.) 6(2):127-200. (Ref. 66) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström0 Collins guide to the sea fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe. Collins, London, UK. 244 p. (Ref. 173) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Nigrelli, R.F.0 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) Sambilay, V.C. Jr.0 Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20. (Ref. 308) Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Nursall, J.R.0 Swimming and the origin of paired appendages. Am. Zool. 2:127-141. (Ref. 684) Worthmann, H.0 Das Makrobenthos und Fischbesiedlung in verschiedenen Flachwassergebieten der Kieler Bucht (Westl. Ostsee). Kiel University. 141 p. Thesis. (Ref. 982) Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652) Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756) Winberg, G.G.0 Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. In F.E.J. Fry and W.E. Ricker (eds.) Translation Series No. 194. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. (Ref. 2093) Bounhiol, J.P.0 Experimental studies in aquatic respiration. Respiration of fish. Bull. Sci. France Belg. 39:277-305. (Ref. 2104) Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer (eds.)0 Respiration and circulation. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, U.S.A. (Ref. 2203) Banister, K.0 Gasterosteidae. p. 640-643. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4119) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Muus, B. and P. Dahlström0 Meeresfische der Ostsee, der Nordsee, des Atlantiks. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 244 p. (Ref. 4645) Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Koli, L.0 Suomen kalat. [Fishes of Finland]. Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. Helsinki. 357 p. (in Finnish). (Ref. 6114) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones0 Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir No. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. (Ref. 9488) Flintegård, H.0 Fishes in the North Sea Museum's aquaria. North Sea Museum, North Sea Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals. Hirtshals Bogtryk/Offset A/S. (Ref. 9900) Bauchot, R. and M.L. Bauchot0 Coefficient de condition et indice pondéral chez les téléostéens. Cybium 2(4):3-16. (Ref. 11065) Kinzer, J.0 Aquarium Kiel: Beschreibungen zur Biologie der ausgestellten Tierarten. Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel. pag. var. (Ref. 12253) Monod, T.0 Gasterosteidae. p. 280-286. In J. C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 12841) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965) Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalização estatística). Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 14:322 p. (Ref. 26388) Went, A.E.J.0 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p. (Ref. 28679) Kullander, S.O.0 Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes. Swedish Museum of Natural History. http://www.nrm.se/ve/pisces/allfish.shtml.en, 25 May 1999. (Ref. 30402) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Systematic list of Estonian fishes. World Wide Web Electronic Publication, 14 January 2000. (Ref. 33247) Anonymous0 Systematisk liste over norske fisk registert pr. 1997. http://alun.uio.no/zoomus/generell/avdelinger/fisk/fiskeliste.html (Ref. 33337) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen0 Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea. ICES CM 2000/Mini:11, 15 p. (Ref. 36252) Dolgov, A.V.0 New data on composition and distribution of the Barents Sea ichthyofauna. ICES CM2000/Mini:12, 12p. (Ref. 36372) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Froese, R.0 Moderne Methoden zur Bestimmung von Fischlarven. Faculty of Biology, University of Hamburg. Ph. D. thesis. (Ref. 39373) Kaiser, M.J. and M.I. Croy0 Population structure of the fifteen-spined stickleback, <i>Spinachia spinachia</i> (L.). J. Fish Biol. 39(1):129-131. (Ref. 40497) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Andriyashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova0 Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the Arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123. (Ref. 43202) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of March 2003. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in March 2003. (Ref. 46206) Rauschenplat, E.0 Ueber die Nahrung von Thieren aus der Kieler Bucht. Inaugural-Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. 71 p. (Ref. 47154) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Anonymous0 Welsh names of animals and plants: I Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. p.17-26. In W.B.L. Evans (ed.) Cyfres enwan (creaduriaid a phlauhigion: I creaduriaid asgwrn-cefn pysgod, amffibiaid, ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid. Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd. (Ref. 50359) Mouritsen, R.0 Fiskanøvn. www.frs.fo/frame2.htm (Ref. 51094) Ojaveer, E. and E. Pihu0 Estonian natural fish waters. p. 15-27. In E. Ojaveer, E. Pihu and T. Saat (eds.) Fishes of Estonia. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn. (Ref. 52079) Ojaveer, E., E. Pihu and T. Saat0 Fishes of Estonia. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn. 416 p. (Ref. 52093) Avise, J.C., A.G. Jones, D. Walker, J.A. DeWoody, B. Dakin, A. Fiumera, D. Fletcher, M. Mackiwicz, D. Pearse, B. Porter and S.D. Wilkins0 Genetic mating systems and reproductive natural histories of fishes: lessons for ecology and evolution. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36:19-45. (Ref. 53335) Plikss, M.0 Fish of Latvia. http://latvijas.daba.lv/scripts/db/saraksti/saraksti.cgi?d=zivis&l=en. Accessed 24/11/05. (Ref. 55893) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Rogers, S.I. and R.S. Millner0 Factors affecting the annual abundance and regional distribution of English inshore demersal fish populations: 1973 to 1995. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53:1094-1112. (Ref. 80786) Klenz, B.0 Seltene Fischlarven in den Ichthyoplanktonfängen der westlichen Ostsee im Zeitraum 1993 - 1996. Inf. Fischwirtsch. 44(2): 62-64. (Ref. 82303) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Bañón, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes and J.C. Arronte0 Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667:1-27. (Ref. 86578) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Andreasen, H., S.D. Ross, U. Siebert, N.G. Andersen, K. Ronnenberg and A. Gilles0 Diet composition and food consumption rate of harbor porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in the western Baltic Sea. Marine Mammal Science 33(4):1053-1079. (Ref. 123607) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Östlund-Nilsson, S.0 Fifteen-spined stickleback (<i>Spinachia spinachia</i>) females prefer males with more secretional threads in their nests: an honest-condition display by males. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 50:263-269. (Ref. 130221) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2023-12-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults live solitary or in pairs in weedy, shallow coastal areas (Ref. 4119). Feed on small invertebrates (Ref. 4119). Males build a nest from algae and debris, using kidney excrete as glue. Spawning season is May to June. Females deposit 150 - 200 eggs in the nest and often die shortly afterwards (Ref. 9900). Males care for and defend the nest. Offsprings reach maturity in one year (Ref. 4645). Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1974 Collins guide to the sea fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe. Collins, London, UK. 244 p. (Ref. 173) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-01-23 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Front of body brassy-yellow in the male, with larger pectoral fins than in the female (Ref. 35388). Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Morphology-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-01-23 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 Dorsal spines (total): 1417 Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Distribution-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2021-03-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 Northeast Atlantic: north-western Europe. Banister, K. 1986 Gasterosteidae. p. 640-643. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4119) FB-Uses-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2023-12-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: of no interest Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-LifeCycle-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2023-12-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1355&StockCode=1373 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Males build, guard and aerate the nest where the eggs are deposited (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 53335. Banister, K. 1986 Gasterosteidae. p. 640-643. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4119) FB-TrophicStrategy-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-23 00:00:00 2000-10-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public spinachia http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Lives singly or in pairs in weedy, shallow coastal seas. Feeds on small invertebrates. The male builds a nest and the female dies shortly after laying her eggs there. Banister, K. 1986 Gasterosteidae. p. 640-643. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4119) FB-Size-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2023-12-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 22.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4119)) Banister, K. 1986 Gasterosteidae. p. 640-643. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4119) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2023-12-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1355 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats benthopelagic; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 6 m (Ref. 130221) Östlund-Nilsson, S. 2001 Fifteen-spined stickleback (<i>Spinachia spinachia</i>) females prefer males with more secretional threads in their nests: an honest-condition display by males. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 50:263-269. (Ref. 130221)