<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><response xmlns="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1"
	xmlns:xsd="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
	xmlns:dc="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:dcterms="https://purl.org/dc/terms/"
	xmlns:geo="https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	xmlns:dwc="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/dwcore/"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1 http://services.eol.org/schema/content_0_2.xsd">
<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-13177</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13177</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cyprinidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Labeo</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Labeo porcellus (Heckel, 1844)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Langhalet pigrokke</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Longtail stingray</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Sale astelrai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Pastenague queue longue</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya látigo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya látigo coluda</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya látigo largo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raya-látigo coluda</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Langstaartpijlstaartrog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>長魟</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>长魟</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasyatis longa (Garman, 1880)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Dasyatis longus (Garman, 1880)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trygon longa Garman, 1880</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-09-20</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=13178'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=13178'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9254&amp;speccode=13178'>McEachran, J.D.0 Dasyatidae. Rayas-látigo. p. 752-755. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9254)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10937&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12951&amp;speccode=13178'>Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=13178'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='968-817-319-3 (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26550&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous0 Atlas pesquero de México. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. 234 p. (Ref. 26550)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27736&amp;speccode=13178'>Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28023&amp;speccode=13178'>Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg0 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=13178'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=13178'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38396&amp;speccode=13178'>Villavicencio-Garayzar, C.J., C.D. Hoffmann and E.M. Melendez0 Tamaño y reproducción de la raya &lt;i&gt;Dasyatis longus&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces: Dasyatidae), en Bahía Almejas, Baja California Sur, México. Rev. Biol. Trop. 42(1/2):375-377. (Ref. 38396)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40498&amp;speccode=13178'>Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=13178'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50449&amp;speccode=13178'>Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=13178'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=13178'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56834&amp;speccode=13178'>Ocean Biogeographic Information System0 &lt;i&gt;Dasyatis longa&lt;/i&gt; Data Extent Map (from OBIS Australia/ C Square Mapper). (data sourced from FishBase DiGIR Provider-Philippine Server). Retrieved May 30, 2006 at www.iobis.org. (Ref. 56834)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57615&amp;speccode=13178'>Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Panamá): living on a relatively stable rocky reef environment. Helgol. Mar. Res. 60:287-305. (Ref. 57615)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=13178'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=82323&amp;speccode=13178'>Hooker, Y.0 Nuevos registros de peces costeros tropicales para el Perú. [New records of coastal tropical fish in Peru]. Rev. peru. Biol. 16(1):033- 041. (Ref. 82323)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94512&amp;speccode=13178'>McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 The fishes of the Galápagos archipelago: An update. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 61[4(Suppl.2)]:167-195. (Ref. 94512)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96293&amp;speccode=13178'>Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96339&amp;speccode=13178'>Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=13178'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=13178'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116975&amp;speccode=13178'>Ehemann, N.R., X.A. Pérez-Palafox, P. Mora-Zamacona, M.I. Burgos-Vázquez, A.F. Navia, P.A. Mejía-Falla and V.H. Cruz-Escalona0 Size-weight relationships of batoids captured by artisanal fishery in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1051-1054. (Ref. 116975)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=13178'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121175&amp;speccode=13178'>Curran, S.S., C.K. Blend and R.M. Overstreet0 &lt;i&gt;Anaporrhutum euzeti&lt;/i&gt; sp. n. (Gorgoderidae: Anaporrhutinae) from rays in the Gulf of California, Mexico. pp. 225-234: In C Combes and J. Jourdane (Ed.). Taxonomy, Ecology and Evolution of Metazoan Parasites, Livre hommage a Louis Euzet, Presses Universitaires de Perpignan. (Ref. 121175)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123526&amp;speccode=13178'>Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123757&amp;speccode=13178'>Petean, F.F., G.J.P. Naylor and S.M.Q. Lima0 Integrative taxonomy identifies a new stingray species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Hypanus Rafinesque&lt;/i&gt;, 1818 (Dasyatidae, Myliobatiformes) from the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic. J. Fish Biol. 97(4):1120-1142. (Ref. 123757)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127348&amp;speccode=13178'>Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-pic-13178-4291</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage</dataType>
	<mimeType>image/gif</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.us/collaborators/CollaboratorSummary.php?id=823' logoURL='' role='photographer'> FAO</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-31</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1998-12-14</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged</dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description></dc:description>
	<mediaURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dalon_u0.gif</mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL>http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dalon_u0.gif</thumbnailURL>
	<location></location></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabit rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 12951); on soft and sandy bottoms. Feeds mainly on mantis shrimps and fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Litters of 1-5 pups; gestation period 10-11 months (Ref. 114953); Caught rarely by the gillnet fisheries operating in shelf waters. Utilized for its meat (Ref.58048).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=13178'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1999 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-06-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13178</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Eastern Central Pacfic:  Baja California (Mexico) to Ecuador; including the Galapagos Is.</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=114953&amp;speccode=13178'>Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; price category: low; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='968-817-319-3 (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26550&amp;speccode=13178'>Anonymous 1994 Atlas pesquero de México. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. 234 p. (Ref. 26550)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-LifeCycle-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=13178&amp;StockCode=13504</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).  Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Brood consists of 1-3 neonates and grow to about 40 cm DW in spring-summer (Ref. 38396).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=13178'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Grace Tolentino Pablico</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2007-08-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-11-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>longus</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabit rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 12951).  Found on soft and sandy bottoms.  Mobile-invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12951&amp;speccode=13178'>Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>260 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9254))</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9254&amp;speccode=13178'>McEachran, J.D. 1995 Dasyatidae. Rayas-látigo. p. 752-755. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9254)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-13178</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13178</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>reef-associated; marine</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>