FB-12815 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12815 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Siluriformes Claroteidae Chrysichthys Chrysichthys levequei Risch, 1988 Newzealandsk ørnerokke Eagle ray New Zealand eagle ray Uusmeremaa kotkasrai Aigle de mer commun Whai keo 薄尾鱝 薄尾鲼 Myliobatis tenuicandatus Hector, 1877 Myliobatis tenuicaudatis Hector, 1877 Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 Myliobatus tentuicaudatus Hector, 1877 1995-02-16 2024-05-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383) Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) Francis, M.P.0 Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170. (Ref. 8879) Francis, M.P.0 Additions to the fish faunas of Lord Howe, Norfolk and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 45(2):204-220. (Ref. 8881) Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.)0 Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Cox, G. and M. Francis0 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) Russell, B.C.0 The food and feeding habits of rocky reef fish of north-eastern New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 17(2):121-145. (Ref. 26966) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Francis, M.P., R.V. Grace and C.D. Paulin0 Coastal fishes of the Kermadec Islands. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 21(1):1-13. (Ref. 28787) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Francis, M.P.0 Geographic distribution of marine reef fishes in the New Zealand region. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 30:35-55. (Ref. 45524) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Paul, L.0 New Zealand fishes. Identification, natural history and fisheries. Reed Books, Auckland. (Ref. 72381) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. 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(Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Duffy, C.A.J. and S.T. Ahyong0 Annotated checklist of the marine flora and fauna of the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve and northern Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand. Bulletin of the Auckland Museum 20:19-124. (Ref. 106682) White, W.T. and G.J.P. Naylor0 Resurrection of the family Aetobatidae (Myliobatiformes) for the pelagic eagle rays, genus <i>Aetobatus</i>. Zootaxa 4139(3):435-438. (Ref. 109645) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-12819-2964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-02-21 2014-08-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Myten_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Myten_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-02-17 00:00:00 2024-10-07 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Occurs in bays, estuaries, and near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951); mostly in shallow coastal waters to depths of at least 60 m (Ref. 132213). Usually solitary (Ref. 12951). Feeds on clams, oysters, worms, and crabs (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Although the spine on the tail is capable of inflicting a painful wound, the poison is quickly neutralized by immersion of the injured area in hot water (Ref. 26346). Francis, M.P. 1993 Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170. (Ref. 8879) FB-DiagnosticDescr-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-06-11 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Olive-green, yellow or dark brown dorsally with pale blue or grey markings; white ventrally (Ref. 26346). No caudal fin (Ref. 26346). Cox, G. and M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346) FB-Distribution-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-02-17 00:00:00 2025-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Southwest Pacific: Norfolk Island and New Zealand, including the Kermadec Islands. Francis, M.P. 1993 Checklist of the coastal fishes of Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pac. Sci. 47(2):136-170. (Ref. 8879) FB-Uses-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-02-17 00:00:00 2024-10-07 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.) 1994 Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species. Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry Board, Wellington, New Zealand, 216 p. (Ref. 9258) FB-LifeCycle-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-02-17 00:00:00 2024-10-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12819&StockCode=13145 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Young are born at less than 50 cm (Ref. 26346). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-02-17 00:00:00 2024-10-07 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 150 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 12951)) Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-02-17 00:00:00 2024-10-07 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12819 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 160 m (Ref. 26346) Cox, G. and M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p. (Ref. 26346)