FB-12534 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12534 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Chaetodontidae Chaetodon Chaetodon gardineri Norman, 1939 Sortplettet fanefisk Black-spotted butterflyfish Dark butterflyfish Mystery butterflyfish 黑斑蝴蝶魚 黑斑蝴蝶鱼 Chaetodon obscurus Boulenger, 1888 1994-09-16 2013-04-17 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Burgess, W.E.0 Butterflyfishes of the world. A monograph of the Family Chaetodontidae. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 4855) Allen, G.R.0 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S.0 Marine species of the Sultanate of Oman. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Sultanate of Oman. 412 p. (Ref. 9773) Randall, J.E.0 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO, Rome. 293 p. (Ref. 13710) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté0 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz0 Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. 324 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 68964) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Hazraty-Kari, S. and P. Tavakoli-Kolour0 Length-weight relationships of three fish species of coral reef fishes from the northeastern of the Persian Gulf. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33:1306-1307. (Ref. 117044) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Flandinette, P.0 Secret Seas Discovering the secrets of Oman's underwater world. Mazoon Printing, Publishing and Packaging LLC: Muscat, Oman. 239p. (Ref. 129713) DiBattista, J.D., M.R. Gaither, J.-P.A. Hobbs, P. Saenz-Agudelo, M.J. Piatek, B.W. Bowen, L.A. Rocha, J.H. Choat, J.H. McIlwain, M.A. Priest, T.H. Sinclair-Taylor and M.L. Berumen0 Comparative phylogeography of reef fishes from the Gulf of Aden to the Arabian Sea reveals two cryptic lineages. Coral Reefs 36:625-638. (Ref. 130854) FB-pic-12535-2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-09 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chnig_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chnig_u0.jpg FB-pic-12535-12304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-11-18 1999-07-01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chnig_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chnig_u2.jpg FB-pic-12535-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-11-18 1999-06-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chnig_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chnig_u4.jpg FB-pic-12535-16253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-01-04 1998-01-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chnig_u5.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Chnig_u5.gif FB-GeneralDescr-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-09-16 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are found in coral reefs, solitary or paired. Home-ranging. They feed at least partially on coral polyps (Ref. 9710). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Burgess, W.E. 1978 Butterflyfishes of the world. A monograph of the Family Chaetodontidae. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 4855) FB-Morphology-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-09-16 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21 - 23; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 18 - 20 Burgess, W.E. 1978 Butterflyfishes of the world. A monograph of the Family Chaetodontidae. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 4855) FB-Distribution-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-09-16 00:00:00 2025-09-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula south to tropical East Africa. Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Uses-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-09-16 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. FB-LifeCycle-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-09-16 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12535&StockCode=12866 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884). Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) FB-TrophicStrategy-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-21 00:00:00 2023-12-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public nigropunctatus Inhabits shallow waters at coral and rocky shores. Stenohaline species. Feeds on small invertebrates, corals and zooplankton (Ref. 9773). Found in coral reefs, solitary or paired. Home-ranging. Feeds at least partially on coral polyps. Burgess, W.E. 1978 Butterflyfishes of the world. A monograph of the Family Chaetodontidae. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 4855) FB-Size-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-09-16 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 14.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 11441)) Randall, J.E. 1995 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-09-16 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12535 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 3 - 15 m (Ref. 9710) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)