FB-1252 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1252 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Rostroraja Rostroraja eglanteria (Bosc, 1800) Arraia-amarela Arraia-sapo Raia-sapo Raia-touro Tyrenæset ørnerokke Blue-nosed ray Bullnose eagle ray Bullnose ray Eagle ray Longtail stingray Raie aigle Sharpnosed ray Stingree Jämepea-kotkasrai Aigle de mer taureau Águila naríz de vaca Bullnose eagle ray Chucho Chucho blanco Stierneusadelaarsrog 弗氏鱝 弗氏鲼 Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur, 1824 1990-10-17 2019-11-02 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Stehmann, M. and R. Vergara R.0 Myliobatidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) 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Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Szczepanski, J.A. and D.A.. Bengtson0 Quantitative food habits of the bullnose ray, <i>Myliobatis freminvillii</i>, in Delaware Bay. Environ. Biol. Fishes 97(9):981-997. (Ref. 124044) González‐González, L.d.V. and N.R. Ehemann0 Length-weight relationships of six elasmobranch species captured at the artisanal fishery of Margarita Island, Venezuela. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 35:594-596. (Ref. 126011) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-GeneralDescr-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-09-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of traveling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-02-14 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Disk broad with long sharply pointed wings and projecting snout. Tail very long, Few middorsal spines on disk in adults (Ref. 7251). Greyish, reddish chocolate or dusky brown above. Lower surface either pure white or whitish. Teeth green (Ref. 6902). Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder 1953 Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. p. 1-514. In J. Tee-Van et al. (eds.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 6902) FB-Distribution-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2022-05-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Atlantic: continental waters from Cape Cod to southeastern Florida (?) in the USA; also southern Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 58839). Reported (but not known for certain) from Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Caribbean islands, and northern South America. Often confused with Myliobatis goodei (Ref. 3173). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Uses-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-09-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1251 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) FB-LifeCycle-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1251&StockCode=1267 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-20 00:00:00 2001-02-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public freminvillei http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of travelling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding. Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Size-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-09-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1251 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 129 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 49746)) Wigley, S.E., H.M. McBride and N.J. McHugh 2003 Length-weight relationships for 74 fish species collected during NEFSC research vessel bottom trawl surveys, 1992-99. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE-171. 26 p. (Ref. 49746) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2022-09-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1251 benthopelagic; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 57911), usually 1 - 10 m Bernardes, R.Á., J.L. de Figueiredo, A.R. Rodrigues, L.G. Fischer, C.M. Vooren, M. Haimovici and C.L.D.B. Rossi-Wongtschowski 2005 Peixes de zona econômica exclusiva da região sudeste-sul do Brasil: Levantamento com armadilhas, pargueiras e rede de arrasto de fundo. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. 295 p. (Ref. 57911)